(In completion we politely refer also to the article: „Enver Hoxha – the 5^th architect of Marxism-Leninism“ -)

Enver Hoxha

[ 16. 10. 1908 – 11. 4. 1985 ]

Long live Comrade Enver Hoxha!

(on occasion of his 20th Death day – 11. 4. 2005)

His Life and His Work

The following text is based on an excerpt of “Enver Hoxha – His Life and His Work“ - published by the Institute of Marxist-Leninist Studies at the CC of the Party of Labour of Albania in 1985. It was completed by the Comintern [ML]. Supplementaries by Wolfgang Eggers.

„My beloved town, where I was born, I am greatful to you for ever, because you raised me, you taught me, and you gave me strength to perform my duties to the Homeland and to fight for the victory of those who were oppressed, of those who suffered from poverty and hunger“ (Enver Hoxha).

Childhood and youth

Enver Hoxha was born on October 16, 1908, in a patriotic Gjirokastra family. His mother, Gjylo, was an unpretentious woman of the people. His father, Halil, who before and during the First World War had known the sufferings of the economic emigrant, with the small income of a minor clerk, coped with the needs of his family and the cost of raising and educating five children, with difficulty. Enver Hoxha spent his childhood and early youth in the town of his birth, in an environment closely linked with the struggle for national liberation and the progress of Albania.

On November 28, 1912 the ceaseless struggles for freedom against the Ottoman occupation were crowned with the proclamation of the independence of Albania at the Assembly of Vlora. Enver Hoxha`s uncle, Hysen Hoxha, a well-known patriot with authority, chairman of a number of patriotic and cultural associations in the town and initiator of the first Albanian school in Gjirokastra, took part in this great event as a delegate od Gjirokastra. Hysen Hoxha played an appreciable role in the civic and patriotic education of Enver Hoxha, especially during the absence of his father, when the latter was in ec onomic emigration in the USA.

In March 1913, only three and a half months after the proclamation of independence, Gjirokastra and the surrounding zones were occupied by the Greek chauvinists who were replaced three years later by the Italian imperialists. Enver Hoxha was to spend his childhood under this occupation regime (1913-1919), amidst the permanent popular resistance which was crowned with the war of Vlora in 1920, with the liberation of the territories occupied by the foreigners. Beginning from this period, admidst dramatic events and struggles for freedom and for the preservation of the territorial integrity of the country, the young Enver Hoxha was imbued with great live for the Homeland, for its freedom and independence.

In the years 1917-1923 Enver Hoxha attended lessons at the public school „Drita“, which was opened through the efforts of Gjirokastra patriots in the grave conditions of the Italian occupation. Together the young Enver Hoxha became acquainted with the great events of the democratic movement of 1920-1924, which left indelible impressions on him.

After leaving the public school „Drita“ (1917-1923), Enver Hoxha continued his studies at the French Lycée newly opened in Gjirokastra (1923-1927). At this period, a zealous pupil, thirsting for knowledge and culture, he was formed also as a revolutionary democratic youth. An admirer of Avni Rustemi, a sympathizer of the progressive „Bashkimi“ Association and the Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution of June 1924, Enver Hoxha, after the counter-revolutionary change and the advent to power of A. Zog (December 1924), was to align himself with the forces of opposition to the regime of mediaeval obscurantism which prevailed in Albania.

„... for days on end we read in French ... what had occured in Russia. A new world began to dawn in my young brain. It was the first spark of a great fire which enlightened me in the home of a poor proletarian --- It must have been the year 1926“ (Enver Hoxha)

The 16-year old Enver Hoxha was one of the initiators and secretary of the „Student“ Association in Gjirokastra which was formed at the beginning of July 1924. With its cultural-artistic activities, this association evoked love for the Homeland, freedom and democracy. When, after the establishment of the Zogite domination, reactionary elements demanded the closing of the „Student“ Club, Enver Hoxha was at the head of the revolt of the progressive pupils. In 1926, Enver Hoxha, who had learned about and been enthused by the French Revolution of the 18^th century while he was at school, came in contact for the first time with the ideas of the October Socialist Revolution which had penetrated into Albania some years before. These ideas, which represented a new world, a new ideology, communism, were implanted more deeply in the mind of Enver Hoxha during the period when he continued and completed his secondary studies in Korça (1927-1930).

„When I was granted a bursary to go to Korça, my joy was great, indescriebable ... A new page of my life was being opened, with great hopes, with fine dreams, with thoughts and a greater sense of responsibility about ny duties as a young man towards my family and the Homeland!“ (Enver Hoxha).

His attending lessons at the French Lycée of Korça played an important role in the education of the young Enver Hoxha with progressive and revolutionary ideas. The works of the men of our National Renaissance and of democratic and progressive foreign literature with which he became acquainted there, umbued him more deeply with love for the Albanian language, for the cultural wealth of the Homeland, and for the great, progressive and revolutionary world culture. For Enver Hoxha and other sons of the people who were pupils of the Lycée the history of French revolutions was a great lessons which increased their hatred and prepared them for a struggle against the feudal regime of Zog.

„The Lycée of Korça was a progressive and revolutionary centre ... With what we learned and read there we were armed against the feudal regime...“ (Enver Hoxha).

Enver Hoxha` memories of his childhood were written in his manuscripts. They were published in a book, titled „The years of childhood“. This book was continued by „The years of youth“, which he wrote during the 70ies. On his 80<sup>th</sup> birthday Enver Hoxha`s book was published in 1988. The book was adapted to the screen by the film studio „New Albania“.

In the Communist Movement

For the Albania of the time,, Korça in the years 1927-1930 was a big urban centre with a relatively developed working class, and one of the most revolutionary. Elements of it had embraced the ideas of communism and had formed the nucleus of the future „Puna“ communist group (the Communist Group of Korça) in 1927. In this town, the revolutionary democrat Enver Hoxha felt himself close to the corageous and progressive workers of Korça and linked himself for the first time with the Albanian communist movement. The Manifesto of the Communist Party, which the communist worker Koci Bako gave him, accompanied with the instruction: „Read it, translate it, keep it hidden and return it to me,“ works of other classics of Marxism-Leninism and the Albanian communists gave Enver Hoxha that orientation which was to become the greatest and only purpose of his life.

In the summer of 1930 Enver Hoxha completed his studies at the Lycée of Korça with excellent results. After great efforts, in October 1930 he was granted a bursary to continue his studies in the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the University of Montpellier in France. Being unable to persue his higher studies in the social sciences as he desired, because he lacked the money. Enver Hoxha enrolled in the faculty for which he was granted the bursary.

Enver Hoxha enrolled and commenced his studies in the Faculty of Natural Sciences, but the social sciences remained his passion. During his years of study at Montpellier he devoted a great deal of time to the study of literary, historical and philosophical works, and especially to the study of Marxist-Leninist literature, and attended lectures and conferences in the worker`s clubs run by the CP of France.

During the years of his schooling Enver Hoxha spent the summer holidays in his birthplace. He stayed with his parents, sisters, relations and the friends that he loved and valued so much. In his companions he valued honesty, intelligence, the will to learn and, above all, devotion to serve the Homeland. In November 1933 the Zogite government cut off Enver Hoxha`s bursary. After unseccessfull efforts to find some job so that he could continue his studies, Enver Hoxha left Montpellier and went to Paris in the hope of finding work in order to continue studying there, in the Faculty of Law.

In the capital of France, in the Paris of the communards, Enver Hoxha became acquainted with French communists, entered into the circles of Parisian workers and took part in the rallies organized by the CP of France. In the clubs for Marxist education run by the CP of France in the worker`s quarters, he studied extracts from and commentaries on Karl Marx`major work, Capital, and Engels` work, Anti-Dühring.

Through his own efforts and with the assistance of some Albanian friends, in 1934 Enver Hoxha was appointed as a clerk in the Albanian consulate in Belgium. In Brussels he enrolled and attended studies in the Faculty of Law of the Free University of Belgium und persued his studies of Marxism-Leninism further. The ideas of this theory, considered in the light of the situation in Albania and the movement on the proletariat, especially the French proletariat, played a special role in imbuing Enver Hoxha with the revolutionary world outlook and spirit of a resolute communist. For his revolutionary activity, which came to the notice of the agents of Zog, in 1936 he was dismissed from his position on the grounds that he had turned the consulate into an arsenal of Marxist literature.

During the years of his studies and work in France and Belgium, on his journeys to and from the Homeland, Enver Hoxha had frequently stopped in the city of Bari in Italy. In that city he was given the possibility to mix with the anti-Zogite emigrees who had left Albania after the defeat of the Bourgeois-Democratic Revolution of 1924 and to gain first-hand knowledge of their moral and political situation. This knowledge served Enver Hoxha later, during the efforts of the CP of Albania to rally the various groups of the nationalists and involve in the war against the Italian occupiers.

Left without work and the means to complete his university studies, Enver Hoxha returned permanently to Albania in the summer of 1936. A few days after returning to his birthplace, now imbued with the communist world outlook, he took a pledge on behalf of the youth of Albania at the grave of the outstanding patriot, Bajo Topulli. Two months later, he took part in a lofty and significant mission: the exhumination from the Plain of Shtoi of the remains of Çerçiz Topulli and Muço Qulli to return them to their birthplace, and in a brief address to the people of Shkodra he expressed his admiration for the patriots of the Albanian national movement.

After his return to the Homeland, Enver Hoxha`s first concern was to re-establish contact with the Albanian communist movement. In July 1936 in Gjirokastra he was introduced to the oustanding communist militant, Ali Kelmendi, who had played an important role in the extension of the communist movement in Albania on sound lines. Before the Zogite government expelled Ali Kelmendi from the Homeland, Enver Hoxha met him several times and discussed the problems of the development of the communist and worker`s movement with him. The Zogite authorities, who regarded him with suspicion, left Enver Hoxha unemployed for month on end after his return to Albania. After great efforts, he was appointed as a part-time teacher at the boy`s secondary school on Tirana, but was paid only for the hours which he was actually teaching. In April 1937 he was appointed a part-time teacher at the Lycée of Korça.

In Korça Enver Hoxha mixed with the workers and immediately reestablished his contacts, now in an organized way, with the communist group. Through his close contacts with the communist militants, Miha Lako, Pilo Peristeri and others, and with his theoretical horizon and practical activity, he quickly became one of the most active members of the Communist Group of Korça and the communist movement of Albania. Charged by the Communist Group of Korça to work especially with the pupils and teachers, the communist teacher, Enver Hoxha, with this propagating of democratic and communist ideas, his fiery words in defence of the rights of the people, won the sympathy of students, teachers and progressive intellectuals and became one of the main organizers of the out-of-school organization „Korça Youth“.

The year 1939. A Very serious danger, the prelude to the greatest tragedy of the Albanian people, threatened Albania. Fascist Italy, which through many concessions and enslaving political treaties had transformed Albania into a semi-colony, began preparations for its military occupation. In the face of of this danger, a logical consequence of the anti-national policy of the regime, King Zog, the landowners and the big Albanian bourgeoisie sold out to Italian capital, did not undertake any steps to organize armed resistance to the fascist aggression. The communists were the only organized force determined to and capable of arousing the people to fight in defence of the freedom and independence of the Homeland. Enver Hoxha distinguished himselg amongst the members of the Communist Group of Korça for his denunciation among the people, especially among the school youth, of the aims of fascism and for his urging the necessity for the creation of a braod anti-fascist movement. In the first days of April 1939 the plans of Italian fascism for the occupation of Albania became publicly known. Powerful demonstrations, organized and led by the communists, burst out all over the country. On the initiative of members of the communist groups and patriots, centres for the recruitment of volonteers to fight against the fascist aggression were opened in Tirana and other towns. At the meeting organized in the Town Hall of Korça, Enver Hoxha called for the mobilization and arming of the people who were aroused and ready to fight to defend their freedom and independence with their blood, and for the condemnation of the capitulationist and traitor King. In April 7, 1939, Italian fascism launched its aggression against Albania. Betrayed and left without weapons by the King and the government, unorganized and without any aid or support from abroad, the Albanian people used against the enemy „that language which Europe had forgotten“, but were unable to prevent the aggression and occupation of the country. The bloody and heroic resistance of Albanian patriots, who met the aggressors with bullets at all the ports of Albania and elsewhere, was crushed by the fascist hordes armed to the teeth. Albania was occupied.

The fascist occupation created an atmosphere of terror and insecurity throughout the whole country and put the very existence of the Albanian people and nation in jeopardy. Fully aware of the historic importance of the moment, Enver Hoxha was amongst the first who was able to see beyond the fascist gloom tio the days of freedom and the future.

Conscious of the responsibilities and duties of a revolutionary communist, from the first days of the fascist occupation he became a fiery agitator for the idea of the liberation war among the ranks of the school youth. For his revolutionary activity and resolute, open, anti-fascist stand, after coming out at the head of the demonstration of Novemeber 28, 1939, Enver Hoxha was dimissed from his job and banned from re-employment as a teacher.

By decision of the centre of the Communist Group of Korça, at the beginning of 1940, Enver Hoxha came to Tirana and imeediately threw himself into revolutionary activity to unite the communist groups and create the conditions for the formation of the CPA. Convinced about the mistaken character of the course persued by the chiefs for the unification of the communist groups through agreement between themselves, Enver Hoxha was the first to understand that the formation of the party would be achieved through activity from below, through unification to the base of the communist groups. Under the disguise of trade, he set to work energetically to accomplish this vital task for the fate of the people and the Homeland and very quickly transformed the shop „Flora“ in Tirana into the main centre of the communist movement in Albania.

In struggle with the spirit of factionalism and sectarianism, Enver Hoxha gave an impulse to the work of smoothing out disagreements, of finding a common language and of collaboration between members of different groups to carry out revolutionary actions. By establishing sound links with militant communists from other groups which operated in Tirana, amongst whom Qemal Stafa and Vasil Shanto were outstanding, Enver Hoxha worked and struggled for the formation of the Communist Party of Albania.

Continuing his efforts to unite the communist groups and form the party, during 1940 and early in 1941, Enver Hoxha went to Shkodra, Durrës, Fier, Kuçova and Gjirokastra, where he met and talked with communists of different groups and a major victory on the road of uniting the communists in a single party, was the great anti-fascist demonstration which took place in Tirana on October 28, 1941. Enver Hoxha was the main organizer of this demonstration. Being in the first line of the demonstrators, he came to the own cool-headedness and intelligence. From those moments to the eve of the liberation of Albania, all his activity was carried out in illegality. The fascists irdered Enver Hoxha`s arrest for participation in the demonstration.

Founder of the Communist Party of Albania November 8, 1941

In the Meeting of the Main Communist Groups of Albania on November 8, 1941, Enver Hoxha, with the ideological, political and organizational platform which he presented and defended, with the principled struggle which he led against liquidationist theses, supported also by other participants in the Meeting, placed the newly-formed Party on sound Marxist-Leninist foundations. Elected by the Founding Meeting a member of the Provisional Central Committee of the Party and charged with the task of leading its work, Enver Hoxha immediately placed himself in the forefront of the work and efforts to organize the CPA and to link it with the masses. „The Resolution of the Meeting of the Main Communist Groups of Albania“ ( the first programmatic document of the CPA) and „The First Appeal of the CC of the CPA Addressed to the Albanian People After the Founding of the Party“, written by Enver Hoxha in November 1941, echoed like a powerful call to battle for the communists and the whole people.

In the conditions of the most ferocious terror and condemned to death in absentia by the courts of fascism, Enver Hoxha devoted all his mental and physical energies to carrying out the tasks with which the Party had charged him. In November 23, 1941, on behalf of the CC of the CPA, he attended and chaired the meeting for the founding of the organization of the Communist Youth of Albania. The last Consultative Meeting of Activists of the CPA (April 1942), the Special Conference of the Party (June 1942), and a number of other meetings and organizations and forums of the Party were conducted successfully in Tirana on his initiative and under his leadership. The analysis and decisions of these meetings and the intensive revolutionary activity of Enver Hoxha for their application had vital importance for the ideological, political and organizational strengthening of the Party and gave a new impulse to its work.

On August 25, 1942 the first edition of the newspaper „Zëri i popullit“ was published. Enver Hoxha, author of the first leaflets which the communists distributed before the founding of the CPA, became the initiator and leader of Zëri i popullit, the organ of the CC of the Communist Party of Albania, which was published by decision of the Central Committee. The leading article of the first issue and all the other articles written by Enver Hoxha in this newspaper and other organs of the press during the period of the Antifascist National Liberation War, propagated the political line of the Party and the anti-fascist war of the Albanian people, showed the ways to national liberation and forcibly denounced the occupiers and the traitors. Enver Hoxha`s articles are models of the new publicity and political literature which emerged in Albania in the period of the liberation war.

„In our Party“, comrade Enver Hoxha said in his report to the First Counsel of the Activ of the CPA in April, 1942, „the working class must have the majority... Nobody else can lead communism, work and struggle for communism with all their hearts, then the proletarians do, the workers do.“

In the Years of the National Liberation War

In carrying out the fundamental task of the newly-created Party for the political unification of the people in the war against the occupier, Enver Hoxha established close links with the common people in town and village, with patriotic intellectuals and nationalists, and others, and on his insistence and following his example, the communists intensified their activity in town and countryside. Combating the attempts of pseudo-patriots and anti-Marxist concepts, he advocated the possibility of the political unification of the people from below and the necessity of the Front`s being led by the Communist Party of Albania. Through his daily work the masses and his elaboration of the political and organizational platform, Enver Hoxha made a direct contribution to the preparation, organization and the direction of the Conference which met on September 16, 1942, in Peza, at which the political foundaments of the National Liberation Front of the Albanian people were laid.

Right from its founding, the CPA, guided by the Marxist-Leninist thinking of Enver Hoxha, linked the struggle for driving out the occupiers with the establishment of the people`s democratic regime in liberated Albania. The Conference of Peza, which laid the foundation of the people`s state power in Albania, accepted the theses presented by Enver Hoxha in the report, The National Liberation Councils as organs of the Unity and Struggle of the Albanian People, as the basis for the setting up of national liberation councils.

The Albanian people welcomed with enthusiasm the historic decisions if the Conference of Peza and Enver Hoxha`s call for unity in the fight against the occupiers. The ranks of the National Liberation Front were increased; the alliance of the working class with the peasantry, which constituted the broadest basis of the Front, was strengthened. The number of national liberation councils, which were set up directly by the masses of the people under the leadership of the Party, increased rapidly, both in the liberated zones and in the non-liberated zones. The uniting of the people in the National Front, the setting up of councils, the strengthening and extension of the armed struggle, and the rise in the patriotic consciousness of the people placed the organization of the general people`s uprising on the order of the day.

In December 1942, Enver Hoxha left Tirana for the highlands of Elbasan where the main bases of the leading organs of the Party and the war were located until December 1943. During this period, he devoted special attention to the organization and expansion of the armed struggle which, from the outset, was orientated by the Party as a partisan struggle with a profoundly popular and revolutionary content. At the head of the Party, he worked out the political line of the National Liberation War, in conformity with the development of the situation and guided its application step by step. The meeting of the Provisional Central Committee, which was held under the chairmanship of Enver Hoxha in the village of Qafe Shmil of Elbasan at the end of December 1942, preceeded the 1^st National Conference of the CPA which was to place the organization of the general people`s uprising on the agenda.

Under the leadership of Enver Hoxha, in the spring of 1943 the 1^st National Conference of the Communist Party of Albania was prepared and held in Labinot near Elbasan (17 – 22 March). For the problems which it analyzed, for its more profound and extensive elaboration of the general line of the Party and for the historic decisions that it took, the 1^st National Conference had the significance of a party congress. The Conference elected the Standing Central Committee and the Political Bureau, abd appointed Enver Hoxha as the General Secretary of the CPA.

The report delivered by Enver Hoxha at the 1^st National Conference of the CPA, on the organizational problems of the Party, closely linked with the organization if the general uprising and his vigorous activity after the Conference to define and apply concrete measures for the organization of the National Liberation Army, gave an impulse to the general armed uprising of the Albanian people.

In the Months of May – June 1943 Enver Hoxha, in collaboration with Hysni Kapo and other comrades of the Regional Committee of Vlora, led the work in Vlora and Mallakastra to smash a dangerous anti-Party faction. During his activity to smash the faction, as well as during meetings and talks with leading comrades of the Party, communists, commanders of çetas and battalions, with partisans and patriots in the zones of Skrapar and Gora-Opar of Korça and Mokra, he saw the situation at first hand and made a major contribution to strengthening the organizations of the Party and various partisan detachments in those zones.

On July 10, 1943, applying the decisions of the 1^st National Conference of the CPA, on the proposal of Enver Hoxha, the General National Liberation Council decided unanimously on the formation of the General Staff of the National Liberation Army. Enver Hoxha, General Secretary of the CPA, was appointed Political Commisar of the General Staff.

The I. Brigade, which was founded August 15, 1943, had „indeed the appearance of a regular army. This is a meaningful day in the history of our movement. This example has to be followed by all the other regions“ (Enver Hoxha, Letter to the District Committee of Vlora, August 17, 1943).

On the initiative of the CC of the CPA and Enver Hoxha personally, and by decision of the general National Liberation Council, the 2^nd National Liberation Conference was held in Labinot from September 4 – 9, 1943. On the basis of the report delivered by Enver Hoxha, the Conference endorsed the conclusions of the Central Committee of the CPA and proclaimed the national liberation councils as the only state power of the people in Albania. With this decisions the 2^nd National Liberation Conference, which firmly condemned the treacherous compromise on the sharing of power with Balli Kombëtar, struck a heavy blow at the efforts of reaction to seize state power and affirmed a great historic reality: the birth of the people`s state power in the fire of the war.

In September 9, 1943, fascist Italy capitulated, but the German army took the place of its army of occupation in Albania. On the same day, Enver Hoxha, on behalf of the Central Committee, prepared the directives of the committees of the CPA in the regions in connection with the situation created after the capitulation of Italy and for the war against the new occupier. The following day, September 10, Enver Hoxha signed the call of the general National Liberation Council and the General Staff, addressed to the people, to give a greater impulse to the general uprising for the complete liberation of Albania and for the seizure of power.

The leader of the CPA and the Political Commisar of the General Staff exerted all his abilities and talent for the creation, growth and strengthening of the National Liberation Army. Enver Hoxha, personally, carefully followed the work for the organization of large formations of the army and to ensure that they were equipped with armaments and supplied with military and political cadres. He took part directly in the setting up and organization of the first big formations of the National Liberation Army, the 1^st , 2^nd and 3^rd Shock Brigades.

Enver Hoxha`s cool-headedness, courage, Marxist-Leninist maturity, firm reliance on the people and unshakeable confidence in victory stood out strongly during the months of the enemy`s biggest and most ferocious offensive, that of the winter of 1943 – 1944. Surrounded, together with part of the General Staff, by large German-Ballist forces, in the conditions of the exceptionally severe winter in the rugged mountainous terrain of the zones of Çermenika, Shëngjergi and Martanesh, Enver Hoxha maintained contact with the Party and the army, guided them in the use of skillful tactics suitable to the difficult concrete circumstances, dealt sternly with any manifestation of disorganization, panic or spirit of defeatism, and struggled to maintain and further enhance the fighting spirit and confidence in victory.

„Our War tactics, respectively the Guerilla ( partisan war), will be kept up unchangeably“ (Enver Hoxha, Letter to the District Committee of Vlora, November 22, 1943).

With the all-round daily assistance of the common people, with the revolutionary optimism and determination which characterized him, Enver Hoxha and the other members of the General Staff surmounted all the difficulties and, after almost three months, broke out of the encirclement and passed into the region of Korça. The resistance to and breaking out of the encirclement is a brillant example of the close links of the Communist Party and Enver Hoxha with the people, of the people`s love for the Party, of the harmonization of the wisdom of the leader with the generosity and ardent patriotism of the common people.

The enemy offensive of the winter of 1943 – 1944 failed and, on the order of Enver Hoxha, the National Liberation Army went over to the strategic, counter-offensive and was liberating whole regions of the country, one after the other. Appreciating that, in the existing circumstances, the complete liebration of Albania was immanent, in April 1944 Enver Hoxha, on behalf of the leadership of the CPA, presented to the Standing Committee of the General National Liberation Council the proposal for the calling of a congress which would give legal form to the state power of the national liberation councils and the creation of the new Albanian state with its democratic government and its own regular army. The 1^st Anti-fascist National Liberation Congress, which founded the new Albanian state of the people`s democracy, commended its proceedings on May 24, 1944, in the town of Përmet. The Congress, at which the entire Albanian people was represented, decided that no other government which might be formed inside or outside Albania would be recognized, that Zog would be banned from returning to Albania, that all the political and economic agreements formed by the regime of Zog with foreign states to the detriment of the interests of the people would be re- examined and anulled, and that the war against German occupiers and the Albanian traitors would be continued until they were established all over the country.

„The Congress of Përmet, one of the most important events of our epic National Liberation War, a monument built by the war and wisdom of the Party and the people, a great deed of colossal importance for the future of Albania“ (Enver Hoxha).

As the Congress of Përmet, Enver Hoxha, General Secretary of the CPA, was elected a member of the Anti-fascist National Liberation Committee, which had the attributes of a provisonal government, and Commander-in Chief of the Albanian National Liberation Army.

Enver Hoxha delivered the report at the Congress of Përmet. He was President of the Anti-fascist National Liberation Committee.

On May 28, 1944, the Commander-in Chief, Enver Hoxha, issued the order for the National Liberation Army to go over the general offensive for the complete liberation of Albania from the German occupation forces and the total defeat of Balli Kombetar, Legaliteti and all reactionary forces. On the same day, the next great offensive of the German troops, which is known as the June offensive, began. Under the leadership of Enver Hoxha, the National Liberation Army which now had tens of thousands of fighters in its rank, successfully withstood all the enemy`s operations and emerged triumphant. The Hitlerite and traitor forces which took part in the enemy`s June offensive were routed. Enver Hoxha, who directed the military activities of the ANLA for the defeat of the offensive, elaborated and guided the application of the strategic plan for the complete liberation of Albania.

In his defence of the interests of the people and the Homeland Enver Hoxha clashed directly with the pressure, interference and blackmail of the British and American military missions which, in disguised and open ways did everything in their power to sabotage the National Liberation War, to support the Ballist and Zogite reaction and to restore the old power in Albania. With his clear class sense, with the wisdom of a Marxist-Leninist politician and the courage of a revolutionary leader, Enver Hoxha understood the secret aims of the allied missions right from the start, made these aims clear to the whole Party, and exposed every attempt of the missions to sabotage the National Liberation War and prevent the people from taking power.

„When the Communist Party of Albania issued the clarion call to save our beloved Homeland from the clutches of fascism, the Albanian youth were the first to respond to this call, were the first to hurl themselves into the struggle, flocked into the guerilla units in the towns and the mountains, composed of the finest sons of our people, filled the ranks of the partisan battalions which were expanded into brigades and divisions and which, today, constitute our regular National Liberations Army“ (Enver Hoxha).

The Party did not wait and could not wait with the armed actions: „The child, which was born November 8, 1941, in Tirana did not wait any single day, but it raised at ince its iron fist and beat the traitors and the fascists pitilessly“ (Enver Hoxha, report on the 4^th Congress of the PLA).

In the summer of 1944 the Party decided that the 1^st Congress of the organization of the Anti-fascist Youth Union of Albania (AYUA) should be called. Enver Hoxha`s address to this Congress, which was held in Helmes of Skrapar from 8 -17 August 1944, became a great program of work for this organization.

In September 1944, the Commander-in-Chief issued the order for the 5^th and 3^rd Shock brigades of the Albanian National Liberation Army to move into Kosova to assists in its liberation from the German occupiers. Two month later, by decision of the CC of the CPA and on the order of Enver Hoxha, the 5^th and 6^th Divisions of the ANLA, immediately after the complete liberation of Albania, continued the pursuit of the Hitlerite troops into Yugoslavia, were together with detachments of the Yugoslav ANLA during the months of December 1944 and January-February 1945, they liberated Montenegro, Sandjak and the southern part of Bosnia. Enver Hoxha struggled together with Miladin Popovic, the internationalist communist. The people of Berat welcomed Enver Hoxha and the other leaders of the National Liberation War.

In mid-September 1944, when most of Albania had been liberated, the Standing Committee of the Anti-fascist National Liberation Council, meeting at Odriçan ( the office of Enver Hoxha), endorsed Enver Hoxha`s proposal about turning the Anti-fascist Committee into the Democratic Government and decided to call the 2^nd Meeting of the Anti-fascist National Liberation Council for this purpose. In October, Enver Hoxha, and other leaders of the National Liberation War entered the liberated town of Berat, where the 2^nd Meeting of the Anti-fascist National Liberation Council was held from October 20 – 23.

„The historic decision... on transforming the Anti-fascist National Liberation Committee into the Democratic Government was a historically necessary step, a logical consequence of the war and the people`s revolution under the leadership of the Party. With this decision, the taking of political power by the working masses who had overthrown the old power through struggle, became a reality de facto and de jure“ (Enver Hoxha).

In the report delivered at the 2^nd Meeting of the Anti-fascist National Liberation Council, Enver Hoxha spoke about the activity of the Anti-fascist Committee from the time of its creation and proposed its transformation into the Democratic Government. On October 22, 1944, the General National Liberation Council decided unanimously to transform the Anti-fascist National Liberation Committee into the Provisional Democratic Government of Albania. The Standing Committee of the Anti-fascist National Liberation Council charged Enver Hoxha with the task of head of the Democratic Government.

„We were returning to our beloved Tirana and, for the first time after so many years, we entered there not illegally, with false names and documents, but freely and, moreover, triumphant!“ (Enver Hoxha).

On the order of the Commander-in-Chief, Enver Hoxha, the 1^st Army Corps began the battle for the liberation of the capital of Albania, Tirana. After 19 days of bloody fighting, street by street and house by house, the battle for the liberation of Tirana was crowned with success. Two days before the complete liberation of the country, on November 27, 1944, the Democratic Government of Albania, headed by Enver Hoxha, set out from Berat for Tirana. After a journey of two days over war-damaged roads, the Democratic Government made its triumphant entry into liberated Tirana - with Enver Hoxha at the head.

On November 28, 1944, the 32^nd anniversary of the Proclamation of the Independence of Albania, the people of the capital, who had cared for and protected the communists who founded the Party, who had known Enver Hoxha at the head of demonstrations and had sheltered the guerilla fighters, who had suffered on their backs the atrocities and destruction perpetrated by the occupiers and local traitors and had fought against them heroically, welcomed their own first Democratic Government with open arms.

In his address on the occasion of Independence Day and the arrival of the Democratic Government in Tirana, Enver Hoxha, from the simple tribune in the boulevard of the capital, called on the Albanian people who, through struggle, had made themselvers masters of their own fate, to close their ranks around the people`s state power, around the Front and the Democratic Government, in order to safeguard the victories achieved and to attain the prospects which the seizure of power opened to them.

In the first years after Liberation from the nazi-fascist bondage and from the local traitors, it was a great joy for Enver Hoxha to see the first electric power plant, the first university, the first professional theatre, the first railroad, the promulgation of the first law on social insurances, the cvreation of the first agrucultural cooperative, etc. These were great victories for a people who emerged from the semi-feudal and semi-colonial state and set out on the road of material and spiritual progress.

The founder of the New Albanian

„Today another page in our history is being opened, a page which it is in our hands to make and we will make it just as glorious as our struggle against the occupiers, and this is the struggle for the reconstruction of Albania, for the building up of the economy, for the building of the culture and education of our people, for raising their social, economic and political level ... And here, too, we must understand, just as we understood in the armed struggle, that in order to accomplish these tasks, in order to give the people a happier and more prosperous life, the whole people must be the factor of this great work“ (Enver Hoxha).

The Provisonal Democratic Government, headed by Enver Hoxha, had to set to work to build everything from the foundations. The poverty inherited from the past, the extremely backward agriculture, the primitive industry and the illeteracy of the overwhelming majority of the population were made even graver by the destructive consequences of the war, the burnt-out towns and villages, the paralysed communications and the great human and material losses. The divisions of the National Liberation Army were fighting the nazis on the territory of Yugoslavia, while within the country the final blows were being dealt to the remnants of reaction and the plots organized with Anglo-American support. Famine threatended the country.

The patriotism, enthusiasm and inexhaustible energies of the people were Albania`s only assets in the first years of the people`s power. Enver Hoxha devoted special care to the revolutionary education and mobilization of the people, of the working masses, of the new Albania. Just as during the Anti-fascist National Liberation War, after the liberation of the country he, with the love and great authority he enjoyed among the people, was an important factor of the unity and enthusiasm of the Albanian people to build up the ne w Albania.

Under Enver Hoxha`s leadership, immediately after the liberation of the country the Party and the state of people`s democracy implemented a series of reforms of a democratic and revolutionary character which opened the way to transformations of the base and superstructure of Albanian society. The firm principled stand of Enver Hoxha was decisive for the defeat of the resistance of the overthrown classes and opportunist and liberal views and activity which protected the interests of the feudal bourgeoisies, as well as for the accomplishment of radical reforms in Albania. The Land Reform, which began to be applied in 1945, was one of the great victories which the revolution secured for the Albanian peasantry. It achieved its age-old dream of owning land. The nationalization of the main means of production was another revolutionary act which, together with the Land Reform, opened the way to the establishment of the economy on socialist foundations.

For more than 40 years on end they were to support each other in a marriage characterized by profound friendship and love which had been born during the years of the war, in their work together as soldiers of the revolution. A communist of the first hours, a resolute militant of the Party and the youth during those years, and an oustanding cadre of the Party in the years of socialism, Nexhmije Hoxha was not only a beloved and respected life`s companion for Enver Hoxha, but also an assistant and close collaborator, who stood beside him during the war and in work, in his joys and worries, and eased the great burden that he carried on his shoulders.

The Chairman of the Anti-fascist National Liberation Council, Omer Nishani, awarded Enver Hoxha the decoration „People`s Hero“ in 1945.

The brilliant victory of the Democratic Front in the elections of December 2, 1945 once again confirmed the Albanian people`s trust in the Communist Party. All the conditions had been created for the people, through their own representatives, to decide the form of the new regime. On January 11, 1946, Albania was proclaimed a People`s Republic. Enver Hoxha was entrusted with the lofty task of Head of the first Government of the Republic. From 1946 to 1954 he made an outstanding contribution in his functions as Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Foreign Minister of the PRA.

The recognition, assertion and defence of the rights of Albania in the international arena was the most important aspect of the policy of the People`s Republic of Albania in the first years of Liberations. As Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Enver Hoxha, with his political and diplomatic activity, with his contacts with statesmen and representatives of different countries, worked to strengthen the international position of the Albanian delegation to the Peace Conference in Paris in August-September 1946, at which Enver Hoxha defended the rights of Albania as a member of the Anti-fascist Coalition.

The CPA and Enver Hoxha were convinced that it were not international conferences which would ensure genuine national independence and development. The new Albania would be built, would defend and affirm itself through work and vigilance, through knowledge and efforts, in unity round the Party. One of the most powerful leitmotifs which pervades the life of Enver Hoxha is his love and respect for the people, for the common people. Enver Hoxha led the masses with a profound conviction that it is the masses who make history.

On the invitation of the Soviet Government, in July 1947 Enver Hoxha, at the head of a top-level government delegation, went on an official visit to the Soviet Union. During this visit he had his first meeting with J. V. Stalin, the loyal pupol and continuer of the work of V. I. Lenin, the great revolutionary and leader of the world communism, and the strategist of the victory over fascism. During the years, 1947 – 1951 Enver Hoxha was to meet and talk personally with J. V. Stalin on several occasions, retaining indelible impressions about this great Marxist-Leninist personality. This visit and the talks which Enver Hoxha held with J. V. Stalin helped the strengthening of the mutual relations, made the struggle of the Albanian Party and people against fascism better known, and further strengthened the position and authority of the Albanian state in the international arena. Comrade Enver Hoxha layed a wreath on the „V. I. Lenin“ mausoleum in Moscow March 1949.

In the years 1944-1948 the Albanian Party and state were faced with a threatening situation by the anti- Marxist and anti- Albanian activity of the CPY and Tito personally. During the years of the National Liberation War, Enver Hoxha had frequently encountered and responded with firm cool-headedness to the anti-Marxist and anti-Albanian stands and insinuations of the leaders of the Yugoslav Party, who aimed to put the Communist Party of Albania and the Anti-fascist National Liberation War of the Albanian people under their leadership and control. After the liberation of the country, Enver Hoxha, while consistently defending and applying the revolutionary line for the Party, with the support of the overwhelming bulk of it, fought to avert the consequences of the Yugoslav interference which became more and more intensive, reaching its culmination az the 8^th Plenum of the CC of the CPA (February 1948). The aim of Tito and other Yugoslav Federation. In order to achieve this, they worked to undermine the unity of the Communist Party of Albania and its leadership, to sabotage the economic development of the country, and to isolate Albania in the international arena,, especially from the Soviet Union and the other socialist countries. In collaboration. In collaboration with the elements recruited by them in the leadership of the CPA, they directed their main attack against Enver Hoxha who was an insurmountable obstacle to their plans and enjoyed absolute authority in the Party and among the people. Enver Hoxha was the decisive factor and the inspirer of the struggle of the Party to defeat this dangerous conspiracy. He defended the line of the Party from the attacks and accusations of the Yugoslav divisions in Albania and for uniting Albania with the Yugoslav Federation. At these key moments of history Enver Hoxha bore a heavy burden on his shoulders.

The 1^st Congress of the CPA was held in Tirana from November 8 – 22, 1948. Enver Hoxha delivered the report on the work and activity of the Central Committee of the Party. The Congress elected Enver Hoxha General Secretary of the Party. In a synthesized way, Comrade Enver Hoxha made a prodound analysis of the situation of Albania up to its occupation by fascist Italy, of the political forces in Albanian society at that time, of the communist moevment in Albania up to the formation of the CPA, and of the line which it followed during the National Liberation War. In particular, Comrade Enver Hoxha brought out the danger of the anti-Albanian, Trotskyite activity of the leaders of the CPY and the groups of enemies in their service. The fundamental orientations which the Congress laid down for the further development of the country and the construction of the base of socialism in Albania were based in the report delivered by Enver Hoxha.

„The new Central Committee shall be recruited from comrades who fight for the cause of Lenin and Stalin!“ (Enver Hoxha, Selected Works, Vol. II, page 124, German edition).

Enver Hoxha`s all sided theoretical and practical activity as a leader and organizer in the 1950ies is embodied in the socialist foundations laid in those years in industry, agriculture and culture, in the radical changes in the spiritual world of our people. Especially after the liquidation of the the war devastations the program of the Party for the construction of the economic basis of socialism began to be materialized. The heroic challenge which the Albanian people made the centuries of backwardness began with the first industrial and agricultural projects and the advances made in education and culture in those years. In each step forward which the Homeland took on the road of progress, in each new project, in every achievment in the economy and culture, the thinking and activity of Enver Hoxha were present.

Enver Hoxha delivered the report at 2^nd Congress of the PLA (The „Party of Labour“ was already renamed on the first Congress of the CPA).

At the 2^nd Congress of the PLA (March 31 – April 7, 1952, the program for the development of the socialist economy was further elaborated. The report of Enver Hoxha and the decisions of the Congress put special emphasis on speeding up the industrialization of the country in order to ensure the rapid development of productive forces. The 1^st Five-year Plan which was adopted at the Congress served this aim. In the following years, the leadership of Comrade Enver Hoxha, brought about the strengthening of the socialist economy and the building of a series of projects of heavy and light industry. The 2^nd Congress of the PLA was imbued with the spirit of J. V. Stalin.

On March 5, 1953 the communists and the world proletariat, all the peoples, suffered a grave loss. J. V. Stalin died. Enver Hoxha was speaking at the memorial meeting on the day of J.V. Stalin`s fuberal. March 8, 1953. Enver Hoxha and Hysni Kapo, on behalf of the CC of the PLA laed a wrearg at the monument to J.V. Stalin in Tirana. The Party and the whole Albanian people, who had seen in J.V. Stalin an outstanding revolutionary leader, unyielding to imperialism and reaction, a glorious defender of the cause of the revolution and the peoples, a great and sincere friend of the Party and the Albanian people, received thus sad news with grief. In subsequent years Enver Hoxha was to defend J.V. Stalin and his work with principle and courage. For the Party of Labour of Albania and for Comrade Enver Hoxha the defence of J. V. Stalin was defence of the cause of Marxism-Leninism and the revolution to which Stalin remained loyal.

The struggle against revisionism after death of J.V. Stalin

After Stalin`s death Enver Hoxha became his best disciple. Nobody but Enver Hoxha defended, continued and enriched the Bolshevist heir of comrade Stalin. The Socialist Albania with Enver Hoxha at the head was to an considerable amount the result of learning from the teachings of comrade Stalin. Lenin and Stalin built up the Soviet Union and Enver Hoxha continued their work in Albania by walking in Leni s and Stalin`s steps.

Today we proceed from the 5 classics: Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin and Enver Hoxha. Enver Hoxha defended comrade Stalin in first line against the Krushchevites, however also against the Titoites, the Euro-“communists“, against the Maoists and Chinese revisionists, against the Trotzkyites and all the other branches of opportunism and revisionism included those who confess demagogically with lips their „love“ to Stalin, but who turn out to be his enemies in deeds.

In his work „With Stalin“ comrade Enver Hoxha disapproved the revisionist slanders, defames, disparagements and marked out the great revolutionary figure and work of comrade Stalin. Enver Hoxha taught us Marxist-Leninists, that the defence of Marxism-Leninism is not possible without the defence of comrade Stalin. The struggle against revisionism is not possible without the struggle of the defence of Stalin. The re-conquest of socialism in Russia is not possible without defence of comrade Stalin. These are questions of proncipled character. Comrade Enver Hoxha addressed these words to the Soviet people on occasion of Stalin`s centenary of birth, and still today this is the appeal to follow the line of the renewal of the October-Revolution in Russia in the spirit of Lenin and Stalin:

I, as a militant of the Party, as one of its leaders, whom the Party has honoured by sending me several times to meet Comrade Stalin, to talk with him about our problems, our situation and to seek his advice and help, have tried to record my recollections of these meetings at the proper time, just as I have felt and seen the behaviour of Stalin towards the representative of a small party and people like ours. In making these simple memoirs available for publication, 1 proceeded from the desire to help our communists, working people and youth become acquainted with the figure of that great and immortal man. In this glorious anniversary, I bow in devotion and loyalty to the Party and the people that gave birth to me, raised me and tempered me, and to Joseph Stalin who has given me such valuable advice for the happiness of my people and left indelible memories in my heart and mind.

For us Marxist-Leninists and the innumerable sympathizers with the lofty ideals of the working class throughout the world, this centenary must serve to strengthen the fighting unity of our ranks.

Now, the commemoration of this great jubilee of Stalin's birth is the time for profound relection by honest people everywhere in the world to find the correct road, to dispel from their minds the fog created by the capitalist bourgeoisie, the revisionist bourgeoisie, with the aim of paralysing the revolutionary drive and the revolutionary thought of the masses. Revolutionary thought. and action will lead the men of good will, the just men, he men of the people, on to the road of their escape from the yoke of capital. In commemorating Stalin and his work on the centenary of his birth, we Marxist-Leninists cannot fail to address ourselves directly to the peoples of the Soviet Union to tell them in the most frank and sincere manner:

You, who fought and triumphed over the most dangerous enemies of humanity with the name of Stalin on your lips, what are you going to do, are you going to remain silent on the occasion of this great jubilee? Since they cannot conceal the name and brilliant work of Stalin, the Khrushchevite revisionists, who left nothing unsaid against him, may write some few feeble words about him. But it is up to you, who carried out the Great October Revolution, to remember your brilliant leader with profound respect. You must destroy the dictatorial fascist regime which is hidden behind deceptive slogans. You must know that those who are leading you are fascists, chauvinists and imperialists. They are preparing you as cannon fodder for a fierce imperialist war, to kill the peoples and burn and devastate countries which had great hopes in the Homeland of Lenin and Stalin. This is not what the peoples of the world want you to be. If you go on like this, they can no longer respect you, but will hate you. The peoples of the world hate your present counterrevolutionary leadeng, because the atomic weapons they are producing, the parades in Red Square and the military manoeuvres they are organizing, have become threatening to the peoples and their freedom, just like those of American imperialism and world capitalism. The weapons and the army in the Soviet Union are no longer in the hands of the Soviet peoples and do not serve the liberation of the world proletariat. On the contrary, they are intended to oppress the whet and other peoples. You must understand and realize that the enemies have long since turned you from the road of the revolution. The Khrushchevite revisionists are seeking to arouse in you feelings of superiority and domination over others. They claim they are using your great strength allegedly to combat American imperialism and world capitalism, but this is false. Your rulers are in contradiction and alliance with American imperialism and world capitalism, not in the interests of the revolution, but because of their imperialist ambitions and greed for the division of spheres of 'influence and domination over the peoples. The peoples of the world are worried whether you, the sons, grandsons and great-grandsons of those glorious fighters who carried out the Great October Socialist Revolution, you, the Soviet proletarians, collective farmers, soldiers and intellectuals, will proceed on this course hostile to the peoples, on to which those who rule you have led you, or will rise and fight on the revolutionary road with the names of Lenin and Stalin on your lips. The hope and desire of the world is that you will take the road of the revolution and march forward, shouting like your forbears: <<za Lenina!>>,<<za Stalina!>>, for genuine socialism and against imperialism, social-imperialism and revisionism. The traitor leadership does not inform you correctly about the sufferings of other peoples who are being killed in the streets in demonstrations against the blood-thirsty capitalists and imperialits. They do not tell you the truth about why the people in Iran, thirsting for freedom and independence, rise to their feet and topple the tyrannical Shah. the tool of the American imperialists. The Khrushchevite revisionist clique keep you in the dark about the sufferings of the Arab peoples, the peoples of the American continent and all the continents of the world, because it is imperialism and your treacherous leaders who inflict these sufferings on them. They tell you nothing about how they oppress the peoples of Africa. using your men and their vassals, you do not know about the intrigues the new CZars of the Kremlin hatch up in the world, you are not fold that the friends of the Khrushchevies, the friends, of your leadership to whom Nikita Khrusbehev and his followers, headed by Brezhnev, opened the road of betrayal, are making common cause with the capitalists to the detriment of the working class and the interests of their peoples. You don't know many things about the sufferings and persecution of honest people in your country, because the present gang which oppresses you is silent about such things. You must know that the peoples have risen in revolution, that they are fighting heroically, while you, who constitute a great force, allow your traitor leaders to oppress you, delude you and put you to sleep. A gang of overlords has turned your country into a social-imperialist power. The road to salvation is that of the revolution which Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin have taught us. The Brezhnevs, Kosygins, Ustinovs and Yakubovskys, like the Solzhenitsyns and Sakharovs, are counterrevolutionaries and as such must be overthrown and liquidated. You are a great power, but you have to regain the trust of the world proletariat, the trust of the peoples of the world, that great trust that Lenin and Stalin created through work and struggle. You must not delay reflecting deeply about your future and that of mankind. The time has come for you to become what you were when Lenin and Stalin were alive-glorious participants in the proletarian revolution. Therefore, you must not remain under the yoke of enemies of the revolution and the peoples, enemies of the freedom and independence of states. You must never allow yourselves to become tools of an imperialism which is seeking to enslave the peoples, using Leninism as a mask. If you follow the road of the revolution and Marxism-Leninism, if you link yourselves closely with the world proletariat, then American imperialism and the decaying capitalism in general will be shaken to their very foundations, the face of the world will be changed and socialism will triumph. You, the Soviet peoples, Soviet workers, collective farmers and soldiers, have great responsibilities and duties to mankind. You can perform these duties honourably by refusing to tolerate the domination of the barbarous clique which now prevails over the once glorious Bolshevik Party of Lenin and Stalin and over you. In your country the party is no longer a Marxist-Leninist party. You must build a new party of the Lenin-Stalin type through struggle. You must understand that the Soviet Union is no longer a union of peoples for freedom, in full harmony with one another. It was Bolshevism which succeeded in creating the fraternal unity of the peoples of the Soviet Union. Revisionism has done the opposite: it has split the peoples of your country, has aroused chauvinism in every republic, has incited hostility amongst them, has aroused the hatred of other peoples against the Russian people, who were the vanguard in the revolution under the leadership of Lenin and Stalin. Will you go on allowing yourselves to be downtrodden? Will you go on allowing the deepening of the process of bourgeois denegeration in all fields of life in your country, as the revisionists are doing? Will you accept the yoke of a new capital, under the cloak of a false socialism? We Albanian communists and people, like all the communists and freedom-loving peoples of the world, have, loved the true socialist Soviet Union of the time of Lenin and Stalin. We resolutely follow the road of Lenin and Stalin and have faith in the great revolutionary strength of the Soviet peoples, the Soviet proletariat, and that gradually express itself, through struggle and sacrifices, will be built up to the level the time demands and will smash Soviet social-imperialism to its very foundations.

The revolution and sacrifices you will make will not weaken your country but will revive the true socialist Soviet Union. They will overthrow the socialimperialist dictatorship and the Soviet Union will emerge from this stronger than ever.

In this glorious work you will have the support of all the peoples of the world and the world proletariat. The strength of the ideas of socialism and communism is based on this revolutionary overthrow and not on the empty words and underhand actions of the clique ruling you. Only in this way, proceeding on this course, will the genuine communists, the Marxist-Leninists everywhere in the world, be able to defeat imperialism and world capitalism. They will assist the peoples of the world to liberate themselves, one after the other, will assist great China to set out on the genuine road to socialism and not become a superpower so that it, too, can rule the world, by transforming itself into a third partner in the predatory wars which American imperialism, Soviet social-imperialism and the clique of Hua Kuo-feng and Teng Hsiao-ping which is ruling in China at present, are preparing.

In this glorious jubilee, we Albanian communists, as loyal pupils of Lenin and Stalin and soldiers of the revolution, remind you to think over these problems, vital to you and the world ' because we are your brothers, your comrades in the cause of the proletarian revolution and the liberation of the peoples. If you follow the road of the predatory, imperialist war, on which your renegade leaders are taking you, then, without doubt, we shall remain enemies of your system and your counterrevolutionary actions. This is as clear as the light of the day. It cannot be otherwise.

When we are convinced that we are acting correctly, we Albanian communists, linked with our people like flesh to bone, do not heave to in the face of even the fiercest storm. And we are convinced thal we shall weather any storm, just as the Bolshevik Party and the Soviet Power did, just as the great Captains of the revolution, Lenin and Stalin, weathered them“ (ENVER HOXHA: „WITH STALIN“, memoirs; ON THE OCCASION OF THE CENTENARY OF THE BIRTH OF GREAT MARXIST-LENINIST JOSEPH STALIN).

Modern revisionism was first and already in power in the lifetime of J. Stalin – directed against Stalin, against the Soviet Union, against those countries who started to follow the path of Lenin and Stalin, against the world proletariat and its world revolution, against the anti-imperialist and national liberation struggle, against communism and Marxism-Leninism. It was comrade Enver Hoxha`s internationalist historical merit to struggle successfully against the Tito-ites. Enver Hoxha completed what Stalin began: he exposed, unmasked and liquidated Titoism as a dangerous branch of modern revisionism within the international commuinist movement and within his Homeland, Socialist Albania. It was also the historical merit of comrade Enver Hoxha that he draw a principled demarcation line between Marxism-Leninism and Titoism with the result that he exposed and unmasked all those revisionist streamings all over the world whose attitude towards Tito`s Yugoslavia developed from reconciliation to open sympathy. It was particularly the stand towards Tito`s revisionism, it was particularly the „question of Yugoslavia“ (socialist or not?), which devided the Marxist-Leninist World Movement with Enver Hoxha at the head in the correct side and the international streamings of modern revisionism on the other hand (inclusively the Trotzkyite Yugoslav streaming).

The character of the Yugoslav class-enemies were very clear to Enver Hoxha. For example, the friendly standpoint of the Maoists and all the others as Kim Il Sungists, Rumania, Bulgariaetc., etc... - towards Titoite Yugoslavia helped him to analyse all the different revisionist branches all over the world , especially the wavering line of the Chinese revisionist leaders with Mao at the head.

„As is known, in 1960 we came out openly against the Khrushchevite betrayal, too, and after this we intensified our principled struggle against it, just as we had done against the Titoite current from 1948 onwards. At this period it seemed as though the CP of China was engaged shoulder to shoulder with us in this struggle against both of these currents of modern revisionism. In this period, too, there were people who said that we had entered into this struggle because this is what Beijing was doing (!), this was dictated to us by Mao Zedong, and this time these voices came not only from Belgrade, but also from Moscow! Such base accusations merely made us smile and we went on with our work. We were already well aware that such things were not said because the accusers did not know the Party of Labour of Albania well. No, these were the howls of a wolf which, even when mortally wounded, tries to threaten and frighten its prey. The Titoite and Khrushchevite revisionists were trying to obscure the truth with smoke and fog, to inflict what damage they could on the image of our Party.

Time was soon to prove once again that we had committed ourselves to the struggle against revisionism proceeding, not from the dictate of Beijing or Mao Zedong, but as always, from the supreme dictate of Marxism-Leninism. On the orders and in favour of our guiding ideology, that is, in defence of the theory and practice of the revolution from the attacks which the modern revisionists were making on it, our heroic Party had waged, was waging and would continue to wage its own principled struggle. The day came when Mao Zedong ceased the struggle against Yugoslav revisionism, but we continued it as before. It must be said that this time, too, through the `open door` of the struggle against Yugoslav and Soviet revisionism we had the opportunity to attack the views and distortions which the Communist Party of China and its deranged leader Mao Zedong were making of Marxism-Leninism. However, as I have proved at length in a series of materials, especially in `Reflections on China`, the cause of the betrayal of the CP of China does not lie either in Mao's dotage in his old age or the senility of other old men in Beijing. No, they had been revisionists, indeed pure revisionists, since their youth, but had adopted their allegedly principled, Marxist-Leninist phrases at particular periods (especially so in 1960) in order to conceal behind them long range, counter-revolutionary, anti-Marxist aims and plans. When finally they were convinced that their `Marxist manoeuvres were not leading them where they intended, they threw off the mantle of `Marxist-Leninists` and emerged as they were in reality -- inveterate Titoites, Eurocommunists and Khrushchevites. Events developed rapidly and when the leadership of Beijing fell on its knees before the renegade of Belgrade we not only did not do as Mao and Zhou Enlai did and as they dictated to us, but on the contrary we did not hesitate to rise immediately to attack this other variant of modern revisionism -- the Chinese variant, Mao Zedong thought!

These and other arguments prove completely that in the struggle against the renegades of Belgrade, just as against all other revisionist currents, we did not proceed from any external factor, that we never acted blindly or following the band-wagon, and that we were not influenced by anyone. So, convinced from the outset that we were waging a just struggle, conscious that we were performing our duty as a Marxist-Leninist party, we pressed on with this struggle, turning this whole process not only into one of the most glorious chapters in the history of our Party, but also into a great school of revolutionary training and tempering, into an unprecedented university for thorough knowledge and assimiliation of Marxism-Leninism“(page 577) .

„At no time did we fall into that abyss into which the Khrushchevites and, later, the Maoists wanted to push us. (...) in regard to the things that have occurred in the international communist and workers' movement in the last three or four decades (especially after the Khrushchevite betrayal) the great historic merit belongs to the Party of Labour of Albania that of all the parties in power it is the only one which not only was not deceived and never at any moment ceased the struggle against Yugoslav revisionism, but also made a profound and all round analysis of Titoism or, more accurately, carried out a thorough autopsy on it. “ (page 578). “Proud of the contribution which we have made to the exposure of this variant of revisionism, and convinced and conscious of the necessity for intensifying the struggle against it, we shall continue on this course in the future, too, shoulder to shoulder with the other Marxist-Leninist parties. We have not reconciled ourselves and never will reconcile ourselves to Titoism and all the other variants of modern revisionism“ (page 579) .

Enver Hoxha created anti-Titoism as a touch-stone of the defence of Marxism-Leninism.

In his memories on the „Tito-ites“ Enver Hoxha described the historical experience of his struggle against the Tito-ites. This book was published in 1983 – only two years before his death. The book was written in the years 1981 and 1982 and covers historical notices, memories and profound analyses on the history of the relations between neighbourly CPY and PLA, between the neighbourly countries Yugoslavia and Albania as a revisionist and a socialist country - from the beginning in 1941 up to the final breach with Tito and the Titoites. Enver Hoxha considered the anti-Titoite struggle as an historical imperative of the Marxist-Leninist World Movement in the all-round fight against revisionism.

„Yugoslav revisionism, the first current which represented revisionism in power, emerged at a key moment in the struggle between socialism and imperialism. Right from the outset, American imperialism and the whole of world reaction saw in Titoism the course, the ideology and the policy which led to the degeneration of the communist parties of socialist countries, to the splitting and destruction of the unity of the international communist movement and to sabotage of the revolution and national liberation wars. For this reason imperialism and reaction supported the renegades of Belgrade with all their might and means, kept them alive and gave them the directive that, while maintaining certain `socialist` appearances, they should serve as a means of diversion for the destruction of others.

Tito and company accepted this mission in full consciousness and turned the Yugoslav party and state into an agency of imperialism. Faced with this evil, our communist parties could not and should never remain indifferent. In particular, it was urgently necessary that the parties of the then socialist countries should not rest on their laurels and think foolishly, that, since they were in power and since the Yugoslav leadership had been denounced and remained isolated, it no longer presented any danger. No, the relentless class struggle, the struggle for the application and defence of the purity of Marxism-Leninism, for the tempering of every communist and the entire Party with the revolutionary ideology, was a necessity sine qua non for every party in order to prevent what had happened in Yugoslavia from being repeated anywhere else“ (page 569).

„The so much advertised creature of Tito -- the „self-administrative“ Yugoslavia of „specific socialism“, has been totally engulfed by the gravest crisis in its history and is now in a very grave situation with no way out.

The Yugoslav system has been reduced to bad shape, the development of events has torn down all masks and dispelled all illusions. The external pompous appearances, the misleading advertisements of a `well-being such as can be found in no other place`(!), of a `Yugoslavia of freedom and abundance` (!) have left the place to all-round crisis, poverty and growing unemployment, galloping inflation, and increasing shortages of even the most essential goods and articles of broad consumption, etc.

Just as they did with Tito in his last breath, the imperialists and social-imperialists are doing their utmost to give the Yugoslav system a new lease of life, to keep it alive, although this system is wholly gangrened. No blood transfusion, either from Washington, Moscow or whatever international bank or fund, can save it. This is the logical end of all revisionist theory and practice. The imperialist and social-imperialist creditors take the money from their safes, not because they ache to help the peoples of Yugoslavia out of their misery, but because they want to protect their political and economic interest in Yugoslavia, to expand or consolidate the domains Tito has long ago sold them in return for the credits he has received from them. But if for a period of time it seemed as if Yugoslavia was to gain in this dangerous game, now the time has come for Yugoslavia to put itself up for auction to the imperialists and social-imperialists. A first-class borrower, shaken to its very foundations in all respects, with no clear perspective, without the necessary means and forces to find the road of salvation -- such is the present-day Titoite self-administrative Yugoslavia.

We cannot watch without concern this extremely grave and dangerous situation, not only for the fraternal peoples of Yugoslavia, but also for peace and security in the Balkans and beyond the Balkans. We have never wished those peoples ill, on the contrary we have always been for good neighbourly relations with them( page 632) .

In the 1950`s , the Party of Labour of Albania, which had mobilized itself as the head of the people to carry forward the development and strengthening of the country, had to face up to a dangerous and powerful enemy, Khrushchevite revisionism, that seized power in the Soviet Union after death of J. V. Stalin. Enver Hoxha followed the process of the revisionist evolution in the Soviet Union with attention and concern. From 1953 to 1960 he had meetings and took part in joint gatherings with the Soviet leaders and leaders of other communist and worker`s parties. From these meetings, as well from their concrete political actions, he reached his judgement about the real anti-Marxist nature of the Krushchevite leading group. From the first steps of Krushchev`s frontal attack on Marxism-Leninism and the socialist system, Comrade Enver Hoxha came out against their concepts and stands. At the wise tactics, taking into account the interests of the international communist movement and the socialist camp, the interests of Marxism-Leninism and the revolution. In 1976 Enver Hoxha wrote the book „The Khrushchevites“, which was published in 1980. This work (memories) is another prove for the principled struggle of the PLA against revisionism and for the defence of Marxism-Leninism. The memories of Enver Hoxha concern the period of 1953-1961 – from the death of Stalin until the final end of the relations. Enver Hoxha wrote abou the visits, contacts, meetings and relations to the Parties and countries as his imperessions in that period. To give only an overview we herewith quote just the headings of all the 13 chapters:

“From the time the Khrushchevites took power to the moment when we came out in open confrontation with them, the relations of the Party of Labour of Albania with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union passed through a complicated process, with zig zags, with periods of exacerbation and periods of temporary normalization. This was the process of each getting to know the other through encounters in the course of the struggle and the continual clash of views. After the Khrushchevite revisionist putschists came to power, our Party, basing itself on the events that were taking place there, on certain stands and actions, which were ill-defined at first, but which, step by step, were becoming more concrete, began to sense the great danger of this clique of renegades, which hid behind a deafening pseudo-Marxist ,demagogy, and to understand that this clique was becoming a great threat both to the cause of the revolution and socialism as a whole, and to our country.”

“Stalin dies. Next day the top Soviet leadership divides up the portfolios. Khrushchev climbs the steps to power. Disillusionment from the first meeting with the «new» Soviet leaders in June 1953. Ill-intentioned criticism from Mikoyan and Bulganin. The end of Beria's short-lived reign. The meeting with Khrushchev in June 1954: «You helped in the exposure of Beria.» Khrushchev's «theoretical» lecture on the roles of the first secretary of the party and the prime minister. The revisionist mafia spins its spider's web inside and outside the Soviet Union.”

“The roots of the tragedy of the Soviet Union. The stages through which Khrushchev passes towards seizing political and ideological power. The Khrushchevite caste corrodes the sword of the revolution. What lies behind Khrushchev's «collective leadership». Khrushchev and Mikoyan - the head of the counterrevolutionary plot. The breeze of liberalism is blowing in the Soviet Union. Khrushchev and Voroshilov speak openly against Stalin. Khrushchev builds up his own cult. The enemies of the revolution are proclaimed «heroes» and «victims».”

“Mikoyan, a cosmopolitan huckster and inveterate anti-Albanian. Difficult talks in June 1953 on economic matters - the Soviet leaders are bargaining over aid for Albania. Khrushchev's «advice» one year later: «You doni need heavy industry», «We shall supply you with oil and metals», «Doni worry about bread grain, we'll supply you with all you want.>. Quarrels with Mikoyan. Discontent in Comecon from the revisionist chiefs. Ochab, Dej, Ulbricht. The June 1956 Comecon consultation in Moscow Khrushchev: «. . . we must do what Hitler did.» Talks with Khrushchev again. His «advice»: «Albania should advance with cotton, sheep, fish and citrus fruit.».”

“Khrushchev has his eyes on Yugoslavia. The first sign of the flirtation: the Soviet letter of June 1954; Khrushchev blames the Information Bureau for the Yugoslav leadership's betrayal. Intense exchange of cordial correspondence between Krushchev and Tito. Khrushchev decides to rehabilitate the renegades. Our clear-cut opposition: the letters of May and June 1955. Talk with Ambassador Levichkin: «How can such decisions be taken so lightly and in a unilateral way?» Insistent invitation to go to the Soviet Union -on holiday»l Meeting with Suslov. Mikoyan telephones at midnight: "Meet Tempo, iron out your disagreements.» The meeting with S. V. Tempo.”

“Khrushchev seeks hegemony in the world communist movement. His attack on the Comintern and the Information Bureau. The Khrushchevites extend their tentacles to other parties. The sudden deaths of Gottwald and Bierut. Unforgettable memories from the meeting with Dimitrov and Kolarov. Correct but formal relations with Rumania. The opportunist zig-zags of the Rumanian leadership. Pleasant impressions from Czechoslovakia; wandering at will and visits to historical sites. Suffocating atmosphere everywhere in the Soviet Union. The chinovniki surround us everywhere. Our relations with the East Germans.”

“The 20th Congress of the CPSU. Khrushvhev's theses - the charter of modem revisionism. The -secret» report against Stalin. Togliatti demands recognition of his «merits». Tito in the Soviet Union. Molotov is dismissed from the task of foreign minister. Abortive attempt of the «anti-party group». The end of the career of Marshal Zhukov. Another victim of the Khrushchevites' backstage manoeuvres: Kirichenko. May 1956: Suslov demands that we rehabilitate Koçi Xoxe and company. Dune 1956: . Tito and Khrushchev are displeased with us. July 1957: Khrushchev arranges a dinner in Moscow so that we meet Rankovic and Kardelj.”

“Towards turning the socialist countries into Russian dominions. Changes in the Bulgarian leadership dictated by Moscow. Zhivkov's «clock» is wound up in Moscow. The Danubian complex and the Rumanians' "fall-out» with the Soviets. The official elimination of the Information Bureau. The reformist illusions of the Italian and French parties - Togliatti, the father of «polycentrism». Unforgettable meeting with two beloved French comrades, Marcel Cachin and Gaston Monmousseau. The vacillations of Maurice Thorez. Destruction of the unity of the communist movement, a colossal service for world imperialism.”

“Our relations with the CPC and the PRC up till 1956. Invitations from China, Korea and Mongolia. An astounding event in Korea: two members of the Political Bureau flee to. . . China! Ponomaryov defends the fugitives. Mikoyan and Peng Dehuzi «tune up» Kim Il Sung. The meeting with Mao Zedong: *Neither the Yugoslavs nor you were wrong», «Stalin made mistakes», «It is necessary to make mistakes». Li Lisan at the 8th Congress of the CPC: *I ask you to help me, because I may make mistakes again.» Disappointment and concern over the 8th Congress of the CPC. Meetings in Beijing with Dej, Yugov, Zhou Enlai and others. Bodnaras as intermediary to reconcile us with Tito.”

“The counter-revolution in action in Hungary and Poland. Matyas Rakosi. Who cooked up the «broth» in Budapest? Talk with Hungarian leaders. Debate with Suslov in Moscow. Imre Nagy's «self-criticism». Rakosi falls. Reaction surges ahead. Khrushchev, Tito and Gerö in the Crimea. Andropov: «We cannot call the insurgents counter-revolutionaries.» The Soviet leadership is hesitant. The Hungarian Workers' Party is liquidated. Nagy announces Hungary's withdrawal from the Warsaw Treaty. Part of the back-stage manoeuvres: the Tito-Khrushchev letters. Poland 1956 - Gomulka on the throne. In retrospect: Bierut. Gomulka's counter-revolutionary program. What we learn from the events of 1956. Talks in Moscow, December 1956.”

“The Soviets demand «unity». The Moscow Meeting of 1957. Khrushchev's negotiations to bring Tito to the meeting. Khrushchev's shortlived .,anger». Debate over the formula: -Headed by the Soviet Union.» Gomulka: «We are not dependent on the Soviet Union.» Mao Zedong: «Our camp must have a head because even a snake has a head.» Togliatti: «We must open new roads», «we are against a single leading centre», .«we do not want to use Lenin's thesis 'the party of the new type'». Mao's sophistry: 80 per cent, 70 per cent and 10 per cent "Marxists». The Mescow Declaration and the Yugoslav reaction. Khrushchev disguises his betrayal under the name of Lenin.”

“Our Party and Government delegation goes to the Soviet Union. Khrushchev's manoeuvres: the «carrot» in evidence - the Soviet government converts the credits into grants. Leningrad: PospyeIov and Kozlov censor our speeches. «We should not mention the Yugoslavs.» Our official talk with Khrushchev and others. Khrushchev gets angry: «You want to take us back to Stalin's course», «Tito and Rankovic aro better than Kardelj and Popovic. Tempo is an ass . . . , is unstable.» A chance meeting with the Yugoslav ambassador in Moscow, Micunovic. Khrushchev's visit to Albania, May 1959. Khrushchev and Malinovsky ask us for military bases: «We shall control the whole Mediterranean from the Bosporus to Gibraltar.» The adviser on the extermination of dogs. The Soviet Embassy in Tirana, a centre of the KGB.”

“February 1960: Mikoyan on the Chinese-Soviet differences. Exacerbation of the situation between Moscow and Beijing. Kosygin paya a «visit» to Mehmet Shehu in Moscow. The Bucharest plot. Hysni Kapo does not bat an eyelid at Khrushchev's pressure. The Soviets set their secret agents in motion and establish the blockade to starve us. The struggle in the preparatory commission for the Moscow Meeting. Our delegation in Moscow. Icy atmosphere. The Soviet Gargantuas. Pressure, flattery, provocations again. The Kremlin marshals. A brief meeting with Andropov. Khrushchev's tactic: «There should be no polemics.» The mercenaries react against our speech. The last talks with the Khrushchevite renegades.”

“Steel unity in the Party and our people. The Soviets want to occupy the Vlora base. Tense situation at the base. Admiral Kasatonov goes off with his tail between his legs. The enemies dream of changes in our leadership. The 4th Congress of the PLA. Pospyelov and Andropov in Tirana. The Greek and Czechoslovak delegates get the answer that they deserve to their provocations. Khrushchev's envoys to Tirana fail in their mission. Why do they «invite» us to go to Moscow again?! Khrushchev's public attack on the PLA at the 22nd Congréss of the CPSU. The. final breach: in December 1961 Khrushchev cuts off diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of Albania.”

“Thus the relations of socialist Albania with the revisionist Soviet Union came to an end. However, our struggle against the treacherous, fascist, social-imperialist activity of the Khrushchevite and Brezhnev revisionists did not cease and will not cease. We have attacked them and will go on attacking them until they are wiped from the face of the earth, until the joint struggle of the peoples, revolutionaries and Marxist-Leninists all over the world triumphs everywhere, including the Soviet Union. One day the Soviet people will sternly condemn the Khrushchevites and will honour and love the Albanian people and the Party of Labour of Albania, as they loved us in better times, because our people and Party fought unflinchingly against the Khrushchevites, who are our common enemies.” (all quotations from Khrushchev Hoxha: “The Khrushchevites”, Tirana, 1980).

Especially after the 20^th Congress of the CPSU, our Party and Enver Hoxha personally reflected deeply on the counter revolutionary change which the Khrushchevite Soviet leadership was bringing about. In this grave situation, Enver Hoxha, who never at any time submitted to Khrushchev`s pressure and blackmail to impose his course on our Party, opposed the revisionist platform of the 20<sup>th</sup> Congress and affirmed the fundamental principles of the Marxist-Leninist theory. The PLA and Enver Hoxha were among the first to understand that a dangerous counter-revolutionary force had emerged in the Soviet Union and to declare war on it. The subsequent developments confirmed the correctness of their stands. The line followed by the Party of Labour of Albania under Enver Hoxha`s leadership was decisive for the defence of socialism in Albania, it guaranteed the independence of the country, raised the authority and prestige of socialist Albania in the world.

In June 1955 the Plenum of the CC of the PLA condemned the capitulant and hostile elements of Tuk Jakova and Bedri Spahiu. „Tuk's other `theses` were all those which the Khrushchevite team were peddling wholesale in their preparation of the terrain for the 20th Congress of the CPSU: the dying out of the class struggle, re-examination of the line pursued by the Party, especially the rehabilitation of those enemies who had been condemned for opportunism and Trotskyism; the changing of the composition of the CC of the party and the bringing of condemned elements into the leadership, etc., etc.“ (page586).

„The daily experience of our Party in relation to the Yugoslavs,“ we wrote to Khrushchev among other things, „both before the breach with the Yugoslavs in 1948 and later, to this day, proves clearly and completely, with many incontestable facts, that the principled content of all the resolutions of the Cominform in regard to the Yugoslav question has been completely correct. . . (From the letter of the CC of the PLA to the CC of the CPSU, May 25, 1955. CAP.)

„The revisionist theses and decisions of the 20th Congress of the CPSU had just been published and the Yugoslav leadership judged that time must not be lost. In their view, a rapid, secret and intensive action in Albania might disturb and completely confuse the situation, otherwise `the Stalinist leadership of Enver Hoxha` could not be shaken. They started to spin the threads of the plot“ (page 590).

„We arrived at the correct conclusion that it was the revisionist platform of the 20th Congress of the CPSU which had inspired and encouraged both the Yugoslav leadership and its agents within our ranks to undertake this hostile attempt. After the group of conspirators at the Tirana Conference was routed, some of its participants were expelled from the Party and some others, those who turned out to be in contact with the Yugoslav embassy (because at that time we had no facts about the Soviet embassy) were handed over to the court.“ (page 596) .

„From 1948 to 1955 the Yugoslav secret agency infiltrated into and organized in Albania 307 gangs of secret agents, wreckers and criminals who were all captured or wiped out. During the same period groups and secret organizations of agents set up and guided by the Yugoslav secret service in collaboration with Western secret services were discovered and wiped out in our country“ (page 584).

„For about forty years the Yugoslav revisionists have been wrong and have failed in their open plans and secret plots against Albania, and still they refuse to accept that the citadel of the Party and socialist Albania cannot be taken either from outside, with armies, pressures and provocations of any kind, or from inside, through their agents of any calibre whom they have trained and held in reserve for more than forty years, or have borrowed from the CIA, the KGB, the Intelligence Service, or any other agency.

Our Party has waged and will always wage the ideological struggle against the Yugoslav revisionists consistently, because it is thoroughly acquainted with their real features as anti-Marxists, chauvinists, and inveterate agents of imperialism The whole history of relations between our Party and the Yugoslav leadership has been and still is a history of unrelenting plots by the Titoite clique for the subjugation of our Party, for the liquidation of the independence of our country, a history of the heroic resistance of the Party of Labour of Albania and our people to the diabolical plans of this clique and its endless threats and blackmail“ (page 20) .

After centuries of struggles against enslavement, oppression and ignorance, Albania, the Homeland of a people who have never separated their love for freedom from their thirst for culture and progress, saw the fulfilment of the dream of the leaders of our Renaissance, of great patriots, for an Albanian university. Enver Hoxha at the head of the Party opened to the nation the doors of enlightenment, education and scvience. On September 16, 1957 he cut the ribbon at the opening of the University of Tirana.

Enver Hoxha`s activity as a politician and diplomat, his participation and role in the international relations of ther Albanian state are an important aspect of his great personality. He was all through his life of a communist leader not just the architect and inspirer of the foreign policy of the country, but a permanent revolutionary factor. Enver Hoxha was involved personally in applying the foreign policy of socialist Albania and accomplishing its objectives. After the liberation of the country, up to the year 1960, Enver Hoxha went to many countries of the world and took part in a large number of international meetings and confrences.Both during these travels and visits and in Albania he met many foreign personalities, heads of states and governments, and leaders of political parties and organizations of different countries of the world. As in all of Enver Hoxha`s activity in the field of international relations, in these meetings and talks, which were frequently difficult and in tense circumstances, he displayed his rare ability as a politician and diplomat, his powerful logic and extensive knowledge of problems, and his determination in defence of the principled positions of e revolutionary foreign policy. Enver Hoxha`s activity has great weight in asserting the dignity of Albania in the international arena, in defending its vital interests, and in the sympathy it won among the peoples and progressive individuals in the world. Enver Hoxha participated a meeting of workers at a factory in Leningrad, April 1957.

At the end of the 1950s, relations between the PLA and the CPSU became extreemely tense. The counter-revolutionary events in Poland und Hungary in 1956, the collaboration of the Khrushchevite group with Tito, the aims and brutal attempts of the soviet leaders to impose their counter-revolutionary revisionist line on our Party were revealing their true features. In Moscow in December 1956 and April 1957, Enver Hoxha expressed openly to Krushchev and his collaborators the principled opposition of the PLA over a series of important problems of the communist and worker`s movement and the international situation. Throughout this whole period Enver Hoxha followed the grave atmosphere which was being created in the communist movement and the socialist camp with attention and concern,while reflecting on its causes. At the 2<sup>nd</sup> Plenum of the CC of the PLA (February 1957), Comrade Enver Hoxha dealt with important problems of developments in the world and in the international communist moevement, arriving at conclusions which were in conflict with the revisionist ideas and spirit of the 20<sup>th</sup> Congress of the CPSU. At the Moscow Meeting (November 1957), Enver Hoxha made an outstanding contribution so that the document approved there was based on the Marxist-Leninist revolutionary principles. After ther official visit of Krushchev to Albania (May 1959), the gulf became deeper because of the irreconcilable positions of the two sides. At the Bucharest Meeting in June 1960, the conflict with the Krushchevite revisionists burst out openly. The delegation of the PLA, guided by the precise and continuous instructions of Enver Hoxha, opposed Krushchev`s efforts to dictate to the socialist camp. On November 16, 1960, Comrade Enver Hoxha made his historic speech at the Meeting of 81 Parties in Moscow, in which he made a devastating criticism of the anti-Marxist concepts and activity of the Krushchevite group. The open and all-sided Soviet attacks and pressures began from that time. The adherence to revolutionary principles and the resolute stands of Enver Hoxha saved the Party and the people from the tragedy which the rulers of Moscow and their allies had prepared for them.

In his speech delivered at the Conference of the 81 communist and workers' parties in Moscow in November 1960, Comrade Enver Hoxha made an all-round analysis of the main problems that were concerning the international communist movement and firmly upheld Marxism-Leninism. This speech is one of the most important phases of the principled fight which the Party of Labor of Albania has waged to expose modern revisionism and consolidate the unity of the international communist and workers' movement.

The battle the Party of Labor of Albania has waged against the revisionist views of the Khrushchevite Soviet leadership began immediately after the XX Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Although this battle was not waged directly and openly at the beginning, the Party of Labor of Albania had made known all its reservations and objections to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Party of Labor of Albania tried in every way to avoid publicising its differences with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union lest that would put wea pons into the hands of the enemies of communism. On the other hand, it was not yet cognizant of Khrushchev's real intentions, therefore it tried to settle the differences through talks and consultations in a comradely spirit. While maintaining a principled stand, it strove and hoped to make the Soviet leaders realize their mistakes and take the right path.

The real treacherous features of the Soviet revisionists became more and more evident to the Party of Labor of Albania. The more their treachery was revealed, the harsher and more irreconcilable became the battle the Party of Labor of Albania waged against Khrushchevite revisionism in order to expose and crush it completely.

At the June 1960 Bucharest meeting the Party of Labor of Albania came out in the open in defense of Marxist-Leninist principles and cried <<Halt! >> to the Khrushchevite revisionists who attempted to hatch up a dangerous plot against the Communist Party of China and against the entire international communist movement.

After the Bucharest meeting the Soviet revisionist leaders launched a savage attack against the Party of Labor of Albania in order to force it into line with them and their deeds. Under these conditions, the Party of Labor of Albania became more thoroughly convinced that its principled stand on all the basic issues of the international communist movement should be maintained with the utmost courage and determination. It did this at the 1960 November Conference in Moscow.

In his speech at the Conference, Comrade Enver Hoxha, openly, frankly and with Marxist-Leninist courage, submitted the principled views of the Party of Labor of Albania on the main issues of the international communist movement about which differences had arisen and sharply criticized N. Khrushchev's revisionist group, both for its erroneous anti-Marxist views and actions as well as for its brutal interference in the internal affairs of the Party of Labor of Albania and the savage attacks it had launched against it.

The Party of Labor of Albania launched this absolutely principled criticism against the Soviet leaders in order to safeguard the unity of the international communist movement and the socialist camp, because unity cannot be preserved without exposing faults and alien manifestations, without condemning them forthrightly and without correcting them on Marxist-Leninist lines.

At the Moscow meeting, the Khrushchevites did their utmost to refute the criticism against their revisionist views and divisive acts. Their attempt was in vain.

Following the determined and principled stand of the Party of Labor of Albania on all the problems that were preoccupying the international communist movement, and after the speech of the Chinese delegation, the representatives of all the participating parties at the meeting were obliged to express their attitude one way or the other. Faced with this situation, the revisionists tried to draw the attention of the participants at the meeting away from principled issues and to turn the meeting into a platform of vicious attacks against the Party of Labor of Albania and the Communist Party of China. But this attempt also met with failure. The principled, internationalist stand of the Party of Labor of Albania in defense of Marxism-Leninism and the unity of the international communist movement was seconded by the Communist Party of China and by the delegations of a number of other parties. The Khrushchevite revisionists were obliged to back down.

Comrade Enver Hoxha's speech was a major contribution to the successful outcome of the Moscow Conference. Thanks to the determined battle waged by the Communist Party of China, by the Party of Labor of Albania and by some other parties, the Moscow Conference approved the Declaration. Included in the Declaration were certain incorrect conclusions and erroneous theses. On these assessments and theses, the Party of Labor of Albania entertained quite contrary views which it had also expressed openly at the Conference. The delegation of the Party of Labor of Albania signed the Declaration considering its content correct in general. While making concessions on partial matters for the sake of unity, the Party of Labor of Albania made no concessions whatsoever on the main issues which were connected with the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism.

The Party of Labor of Albania was of the opinion that unity in the international communist movement could be established if every party carried out the Declaration in good faith, and that the differences could be settled only by observing the norms governing the relations between Marxist-Leninist parties without making public these differences to the enemies of socialism. This is why the Party of Labor of Albania refrained from publishing Comrade Enver Hoxha's speech at the Moscow Conference at that time, but persisted in carrying out the Declaration which was approved there.

Comrade Enver Hoxha's speech at the Moscow Conference clearly shows that from that time onward, the Party of Labor of Albania would wage an open battle against bourgeois and revisionist ideology. Nevertheless, this battle had not yet assumed that breadth and depth which it assumed later as a logical consequence of the embitterment of the struggle between Marxism-Leninism and modern revisionism and of the degeneration of the Soviet revisionist leaders into a gang of renegades from and traitors to socialism. The whole document bears the seal of the time and circumstances under which it came to being. It is published without modification.

His speech was published in his works, volume 19, 15 years later.

Until today it is a speech that symbolizes the ongoing battle between the Marxist-Leninist World Movement and the revisionist international movements :

We do not consider it an offense when comrades criticize us justly and on facts, but we will never, never, accept that without any facts, they may call us „dogmatic“, „sectarian“, „narrow nationalists“ simply because we fight with persistence against modern revisionism and, especially, against Yugoslav revisionism. „If anyone considers our struggle against revisionism as dogmatic or sectarian, we say to him, `Take off your revisionist spectacles and you will see more clearly!`“ (Speech delivered at the Meeting of 81 Communist and Worker`s Parties in Moscow on November 16, 1960; published in Tirana 1969). The so called „struggle against dogmatism and sectarianism““ is already an old, enough known tactics of the revisionists of all times against Marxism-Leninism.

The 4^th Congress of the PLA was held in February 1961. This Congress occupies a special place in the history of the Party. It confirmed the completion of ther stage of the construction of the economic basis of socialism. Enver Hoxha summed up this period and orientated the Party and the country towards the complete construction of socialist society. Contrary to what the revisionists hoped and despite the efforts of Khrushchev`s envoys and some other delegations, the 4<sup>th</sup> Congress fully endorsed the line persued by the Central Committee of the Party, in the struggle against modern revisionism. Enver Hoxha`s speech to the 4^th Congress of the PLA had a wide echo amongst the whole Albanian people. It gave people heart and added to their pride in the Party and their love for their oustanding son, Enver Hoxha.

The great tasks which were to be accomplished during the new stage which the country was entering, the construction of the material-technical basis of socialism, as well as the Khrushchevite revisionists` betrayal created, required the total mobilization of the Party and the people. As always Enver Hoxha gave decisive impotance to strengthening the bonds between Party and people, the unity and mobilization of the masses for the accomplishment of its revolutionary program. During the 1960s Enver Hoxha, with his outstanding personality as leader of the Party and the Albanian people, was a fundamental factor of the great unity which made it possible to cope with the situations that were created after the open conflict with Khrushchevite revisionism. The Party and he, personally carried out intensive activity to ensure that the masses understood the line of the Party and the perspective for the development of the country and the strengthening of its defence.

On November 7, 1961, at the commemorative meeting on the occasion of the 20^th anniversary of the founding of the Party of Labour of Albania and the 44^th anniversary of the October Revolution, Enver Hoxha, in reply to the public attacks made by Krushchev on our Party at the 22^nd Congress of the CPSU, publicity denounced the hideous anti- Albanian, counter-revolutionary activity of the Soviet renegades, disclosed the roots and aims of this activity, and affirmed the unwavering stand of our Party on the fundamental issues of the revolutionary theory and practice.

„From the changes that have occurred in the world, there must be drawn correct, revolutionary, Marxist-Leninist conclusions: there must be drawn such conclusions as not to create reformist and pacifist illusions and weaken the struggle against imperialism, but to strengthen ever more this just struggle: there must be drawn such conclusions as not to alienate the peoples from the cause of revolution, but bring them ever closer to it, not divert them from the struggle for their national liberation, but raise this struggle to an ever higher level.“
 

„N. Khrushchev, accusing our Party in his speeches at the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, said that the Albanian-Soviet relations were spoiled for the fault of the Albanian leaders. It is well known that the 20 years of revolutionary activity of our Party are 20 years of a tremendous work for the promotion of friendship between the Albanian people and the Soviet peoples, for the establishment of closer fraternal ties between the People's Republic of Albania and the Soviet Union; they are 20 years of exemplary cooperation between our Party and the glorious Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Twenty years of the activity of our Party are 20 years of sincere faithfulness, of great fraternal love of our Party for Lenin's great Party which has always been, is and will remain for us a source of inspiration and experience, from which we have learned and shall learn how to work and strive for the good of our peoples, for the cause of socialism and communism. Twenty years of the activity of our Party have been years of an unspared and allround assistance by the Soviet Union to the Albanian people, of a fraternal internationalist aid, which our Party and Government have rightly utilized for the economic development of our country, for the up-building of socialism in Albania, for the improvement of the living standards of the Albanian people.“

„The attempt to make the decisions of the congress of a party as international norms binding for all the parties is a crude violation of the principles of equality and independence of the Marxist-Leninist parties; it is in open contrast with proletarian internationalism. Therefore, it is not our Party, but the Soviet leadership, headed by N. Khrushchev, that has deviated from the positions of Marxism-Leninism and proletarian internationalism, seeking to force its course upon the other parties, demanding from them to renounce their own viewpoints and obey and submit to them.“

„The question of the fight against Stalin's cult has been used by N. Khrushchev to uncrown Leninism, to prepare the ground to revise Marxism-Leninism and spread his opportunist views in the most important questions of the present-day world development and the international communist movement. This action and the tactics of his are neither new nor original. In fact, in his fight against 
Leninism Trotsky, too, used the same tactics. ". . . Trotsky in his writings – J. V. Stalin says – makes one more (one more!) attempt to prepare the conditions for the substitution of Trotskyism to Leninism. Trotsky has to discredit, at all costs, the Party, its cadres that 
carried out the uprising with a view to passing from the discredit of the Party to the discredit of Leninism. While he needs the discredit of Leninism to smuggle in Trotskyism as the "only" "proletarian" ideology (don't take it for a joke). All this is certainly (yes, certainly), done under the banner of Leninism, so that the procedure of this smuggling should be carried out "without any damage at all". (J. V. Stalin, Works, vol. 6, p. 361, Albanian ed.).“  (Present-day development of Trotzkyism shows the truth of Enver Hoxha`s notice at the fact that Trotzky tried to smuggle Trotzkyism in Leninism: The Neo – Trotzkyites make one more (one more!) attempt to smuggle in Trotzkyism under the Banner of Stalin and Enver Hoxha!!!) “As V. I. Lenin used to say, by always masking themselves under the slogan of the fight against dogmatism, using `the catch-word: dogmatist`, they have risen against Marxism.“ 

„N. Khrushchev used Stalin's question to strike on the healthy Marxist-Leninist elements in the leaderships of the communist and workers' parties of the different countries, to scare, and in case of resistance, also to liquidate any one who would dare to object; to reduce to silence the other parties and various leaders who would not support his revisionist views, his course. The question of 
the personality cult, in short, was used as a bugbear to exercise pressure on the other parties and to liquidate the leaders who were not to the liking of N. Khrushchev.“

„The experience and life both before and after 1955 show that in the assessment of the Yugoslav question Stalin and the Information Bureau were right, because their assessment rested on objective facts, on the teachings of Marxism-Leninism. The experience and the 
practical life, on the other hand, show that in their stand towards Tito's revisionist clique N. Khrushchev and those who follow him are not right, because their actions are based on subjective viewpoints and are contrary to the teachings of Marxism-Leninism, contrary to the objective reality.“

„For our party it has become clearer with every passing day that by accepting by words the need of fighting against revisionism and not 
doing it in fact, N. Khrushchev and those who follow him, under the pretext of the struggle against dogmatism, are fighting against Marxism-Leninism, are making efforts to reject the fundamental theses of the revolutionary doctrine of proletariat precisely as Tito tried to do earlier and as have tried to do in the past the opportunists and revisionists of the various brands.“

„Why precisely after the 20th Congress were immediately enlivened the renegades and the revisionists in the ranks of the communist and workers' parties of the different countries, the Yugoslav revisionist clique raised again its head and all of them together launched a frontal attack against Marxism-Leninism? Why, let us say, the theses of the 19th or the 18th Congresses of the Communist Party 

of the Soviet Union did not become their banner? There is only one explanation here because some theses which were set at the 20th Congress were of an opportunist nature, therefore they constituted the ideological food for the renegades and the revisionists in their struggle against Marxism-Leninism; because the stand towards Stalin and Tito's clique were anti-Marxist, therefore they were utilised so successfully by the enemies of Marxism and socialism for their aims.“

„N. Khrushchev's anti-Marxist stand (...) caused (...)a great damage to our common cause, socialism and communism. 
However, the international communist and worker's movement managed to cope successfully with the onslaught of the revisionist renegades. The ranks of the communist and workers' parties were strengthened and this is due to the strength and firmness of the fraternal communist and workers' parties, to the vitality of the ideas of Marxism-Leninism. And thus will always happen. Marxism-Leninism is the banner of victory, therefore its enemies, the revisionists and opportunists, have failed and will always fail shamefully.“

„From the above said it follows clearly that the nature of our disagreements has been entirely ideological and political, that our Party has not agreed with some opportunist viewpoints and actions of N. Khrushchev as concerns some vital questions of the present-day world development and the international communist and workers' movement, viewpoints which are contrary to some of the fundamental principles of Marxism-Leninism and constitute a serious violation of the 1957 and 1960 Declarations of the communist and workers' parties. But the existence of these wrong viewpoints among the Soviet leaders is only half of the evil. The greatest evil is that they try to impose at any condition their opportunistic concepts to all the communist and worker's parties, not stopping for this 
purpose even before the pressure, blackmail and brutal attacks against those fraternal parties and their leaders that do not agree with the revisionist theses of N. Khrushchev, that oppose them and resolutely defend Marxism-Leninism. Here lies the greatest evil, here lies also the cause that relations between our country and the Soviet leadership have become tense.“

„To examine the activity of a communist and workers' party, to express the viewpoint whether it stands on correct positions or not, can judge only an international forum, an international meeting of the communist and workers' parties, after hearing in detail the arguments of that party. But N. Khrushchev feared to ask the convocation of such a meeting because he was convinced that he would not succeed in condemning our Party of Labor. For this reason he did not invite to the 22nd Congress our Party also, because its word would bring to the fore the truth on the Albanian-Soviet relations, would expose his anti-Marxist viewpoints and activity, would reject all his entirely unfounded slanders and charges.“ 

„Palmiro Togliatti threw at us the Roman anathema, by charging us that we are splitting the unity of the international communist movement. On what did Togliatti rely when he a few years ago attacked publicly the Soviet socialist system and preached polycentrism and the zones of influence in the international communist movement? He has not and will not have any fact against us, but with his own anti-Marxist theses he has greatly served the revisionist Tito. Nevertheless, strangely enough, nobody rose against 
Togliatti's revisionist viewpoints.“ 

„N. Khrushchev, who speak so much of democratic methods, patience and internationalism, has resorted against our party to the most anti-Marxist methods, methods which are entirely alien to the relations between the socialist countries. In order to subdue the Party of Labor of Albania, to prevent it from having its own viewpoint, to impose on it his anti-Marxist viewpoints, he and his followers have not stopped before any measure, not only as concerns the relations between our parties, but also as concerns the relations between our socialist states. Today we do not want to enter into detail and to dwell long on these questions, because there are many facts and countless documents which illustrate objectively these, but will mention that as a result of the adoption of anti-Marxist methods by the soviet leadership for the settlement of existing disagreements, as a result of the consecutive pressure both in the economic and 
the political and military fields, the relations between our country and the Soviet Union have been greatly aggravated. This process has started since the second half of last year, that is after the Bucharest meeting. Since then, N. Khrushchev, instead of agreeing to settle patiently the ideological and political disagreements existing between our Party and the Soviet leadership, made them public and extended them to the state relations also.“

„Who does indeed defend the Soviet Union and its prestige, Nikita Khrushchev, who with his unprincipled attacks and slanders against J. V. Stalin has discredited the glorious Soviet Union, presenting it like a country where the fiercest terror has reigned, the same as in the Hitlerite Germany, or the Party of Labor of Albania that has defended and is defending the Soviet Union from the fierce attacks of the imperialist and revisionist propaganda, which Nikita Khrushchev has provided with weapons? Who does defend the Soviet Union and its prestige, Nikita Khrushchev who with his anti-Marxist actions, attacks, pressure and blockades against the People's Republic of Albania is providing with weapons the imperialists to stain before the world public opinion the Soviet Union and its Communist Party, or the Party of Labor of Albania, which has shown and is showing that his anti-Marxist actions have nothing in common with the principles and the internationalist traditions of the glorious Soviet Union and its great Party of Lenin.“
„Our Party and people, regardless of the attacks, slanders and the hostile actions directed against them, will guard untouched in their hearts the pure feelings of friendship with the fraternal peoples of the Soviet Union. Our Party has taught us to love the Soviet Union, the homeland of the great Lenin and Stalin, both in good and bad times.“

„... The Albanian people and the Party shall – if it is necessary – eat grass, but they shall never sell themselves to thirty silverlings; they prefer to die upright and honorably and not to live as slaves and in disgrace“ (Enver Hoxha, speech held on thecommemorative meeting on November 7, 1961).

„The Khrushchevites speak about unity of the communist movement and among the socialist camp, while they treat at every turn the most important questions of the Moscow declaration`s conclusions. And instead they realize such a line into practice which is in contradiction with the interests of the peoples and of socialism . They deceive the communists and the peoples, they instigate demagogy, strive for splitting and against unity, for a wrong unity which is based on an anti-Marxist, revisionist platform“ (For the combative unity of the communist movement under the victorious banner of Marxism-Leninism“, Zëri i Popullit, February 7, 1963).

The struggle with Khrushchevite revisionism which had been waged for years within the international communist movement was now transformed into an open polemic in which the Party of Labour of Albania and Enver Hoxha personally were to distinguish themselves for their resolute and consistent stands. During the 1960s as well as later, Comrade Enver Hoxha, with his theoretical work and articles, distinguished himself for his profound knowledge of the Marxist-Leninist revolutionary theory of which he was a fiery defender. The numerous articles written by him, and his other works of this period, clearly illustrate this aspect of the great personality of Enver Hoxha. In the 1960s the Party of Labour with comrade Enver Hoxha at the top started to break through the blockade which the modern revisionists established against socialism in Albania. Enver Hoxha became the blockade-runner of the Marxist-Leninist World Movement against modern revisionism. The struggle against modern revisionism was one of the decisive attributes of comrade Enver Hoxha which formed him as the 5^th classic of Marxism-Leninism in one row with Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin. The 4^th Congress of the Party of Labour was the alignment against the Krushchevite revisionism to transform the proletarian party into a bourgeois party, in demarcation to the revisionist so-called „party of the whole people“.

A good example of the struggle against modern revisionism are the documents of Enver Hoxha`s works, collected in volume 23. Here we pick out the „Letter to the Party`s fundamentorganizations“ – May 9, 1962:

„The Central Committee informs all members of the Party about the situation of the international communist and worker`s movement. This letter has to be worked through in all fundament organizations until May 31.

The communists all over the world and in the international public it is seen more and more obviously and clearer that the PLA defends the principled positions of Marxism-Leninism, while Krushchev damages the interests of the communist movement by his opportunist policy and anti-Marxist activities.

(...) Dear Comrades, our Party was and will always be for the unity of the international communist movement ... on the base of Marxist-Leninist principles of the proletarian internationalism, the equality and independence, the non-intervention in the inner affairs and the mutual comeradely support and help, the unity by comeradely consultations. (...) Our Party struggled and still struggles not for any given unity, (...) but for the unity on Marxist-Leninist principles and the proletarian internationalism, for the unity in the struggle against imperialism and against the renegades of Marxism-Leninism, the modern revisionists. You cannot separate the struggle for unity from the struggle against the enemies of unity, from the modern revisionists. (...)

This is the reason why Khrushchev furiously attacked our Party in the question of unity. (...) Krushchev and his group try to raise the banner of `unity´, to maneouver with lip-service on `unity` to save time, to have a break, to deceive the communist and worker`s parties and to prepare new attacks against the unity. (...) Under these circumstances it is more than necessary, that those parties who stand close to Marxist-Leninist positions, seize the banner of the unity of the international communist movement by exposing the shifty tactics of Krushchev. We have to consider that Krushchev is not yet completely unmasked as an Anti-Marxist.

The Central Committee demands from all Party organizations and communists, that they understand the attitude of the Party correctly concerning the question of unity in the present-day situation, that they fight against illusions , which could develop by the fact that our press shall tactically not write anything against Khrushchev for the present etc.

The Party organizations must however unmask the revisionist ideas and activities of the Khrushchev group by verbal propaganda among the masses of the people, by talks, conferences and lectures. It has to be understand well, that the line of the Party is principally unchangable, that it will be still the same like before (...).“

Another example is the following document „Our intelligensia grows and develops within the people“ - speech, held on October 25, 1962:

„At present the imperialists and revisionists started new attacks against Marxism-Leninism, and they try to disprove and to distort it. Of course, this is nothing new. How often the bourgeois ideologists have already prophesized its `defeat`? How often the revisionists already wanted to `correct` it? However, since the once published `Manifesto of the Communist Party` more than hundred years have gone. In this period heavy battles were fought out against anti-communism in all shadings. The revolutionaries kicked off different traitors and renegades and the vitality of the ideas of Marx and Engels, Lenin and Stalin held its ground through the centuries. The period that we actually pass through, belongs to the most heroic ones. The furious reaction, the colonialists and imperialists, the treacherous social-democrats and the revisionist renegades carry on their feverish subservice activity against Marxism-Leninism. However, the victory belongs to the revolutionary Marxism-Leninism. There is no might of the world which can stop the ongoing revolutionary process of the society.“

In 1977 his speeches, articles and contributions of discussions of the years 1962 (November) and 1963 (May) were published as volume 24. Zëri i popullit published the comment „Let us fight as long as our hearts beat – for the triumph of Marxism-Leninism“ [these have been the words of comrade Enver Hoxha in the struggle against the Soviet revisionists – annotation by the editor] in which a résumé was drawn. The defense of Marxism-Leninism against Soviet revisionists was really not passed over in silence by them. Together with all the other revisionist countries they attacked Albania, cooked up one yarn after another, snatched at economic sabotage, political blackmails, military threatens etc. The Soviet revisionists created the so called „Albanian question“ which was in reality their weapon against Marxism-Leninism and which expressed directly the contradictions within the Communist World Movement and the intentions of the revisionists to split and liquidate it. The socalled „question of Albania“ was in the eyes of comrade Enver Hoxha the revisionist turning away from Marxism-Leninism. The „question of Albania“ was the demarcation line of the Soviet revisionists and they made this „question“ a pretext to attack the Marxist-Leninist World Movement and to split the world into „good“ and „bad“ communists. It turned out that the sympathies of the honest communists all over the world towards Albania grew in the same extent in which the Soviet revisionists and their allies roze the „Albanian question“. And this certainly happened to the Maoists who contribute to the strenghtening of the Marxist-Leninist World Movement by their attempts to attack Enver Hoxha and Albania as „neo-revisionist“ who had „betrayed“ the Mao Tsetung Ideas. In the writings of volume 24 Enver Hoxha emphasized that revisionism will gain ground upon neglecting anti-revisionist struggle of the Marxist-Leninist parties and the revolutionaries of the entire world. Enver Hoxha stressed that it is not enough that the peoples defend themselves against the imperialists and social-imperialists, but to be ready for the revolution and the conquest of statepower. Today this means nothing more than to be ready to re-conquer the socialist power of the proletariat by the renewal of the socialist revolution. In Volume 24 Enver Hoxha made clear that the anti-imperialist, national liberation movement would be a great ally and a strong support of the revolutionary struggle of the international working class.

The process of amalgamation of the Soviet and Yugoslav revisionism as a united front was – as Enver Hoxha said – not because of the changing of Titoism „but because of the attitude of Khrushchev and his Clique which proceeded to the positions of the Yugoslav revisionists.“ The Khrushchevites did not only give up the struggle against Yugoslav revisionism as it was described in the declaration of the Moscowe Meeting in 1961, but they openly finished indeed the struggle against revisionism in a whole. They paved the way to the revisionist leaders in the Western European countries to whom Enver Hoxha said: „What are the Italian revisionist leaders worth who adapt more and more to the bourgeoisie. They shall deprave as lackeys of the US-imperialists just as the Italian grand bourgeoisie depraved.“ Later on time proved that the revisionists, who collaborated with the bourgeoisie, became bourgeois themselves. But Enver Hoxha also said: „There are millions of communists and workers all over the world who fight for the defense of Marxism-Leninism and who oppose the revisionists.“

At the historical moments through which the Albanian people were passing, the commemoration of outstanding dates of their history assumed a solemn character. They are examples and sources of inspiration for the present generations of our country. Enver Hoxha`s presence at these celebrations transformed them into a vow which the people took before the Party and its leader. He always wanted to be close to people, amongst co-fighters, amongst the masses and the youth, on these outstanding days. The commemoration of the 50^th anniversary of the Proclamation of the National Independence in Vlora in November 1962 was one of these celebrations at which the people demonstrated before Enver Hoxha their readiness to add other brilliant and glorious pages to their history.

In 1963 Enver Hoxha cared about the improvement of the situation on the country-side. In his report „On the economic, social and cultural state of the village and the measures for its further improvement, in Tirana, 1963, Enver Hoxha explained:

„The Party puts on the agenda the urgent and great question of minimizing the contradiction between town and village, because the solution of this contradiction is objectively necessary – dictated by the new stage of the historical development of our country – the complete upbuilding of the socialist society.“

In the report of the Political Bureau rendered on the Plenum of the CC of the PLA , July 1964, „On the further strengthening of the ideological work of the Party for the communist education of the working people“ the principle „to rely on ones own forces“ was put in the center:

„The principle of relying on one`s own forces is a revolutionary internationalist Marxist-Leninist principle. It results from the fact that the question of the socialist upbuilding is primarily an internal affair of each country and the most decisive factor for the realization of the inner revolutionary forces of each people.“ It was Enver Hoxha who carried out this Marxist-Leninist principle in theory and practice for the socialist development in Albania. „The upbuilding of socialism demands a high niveau of socialist consciousness which does not come out spontaneously, but is formed by Marxist-Leninist science and growth by the daily educational efforts by the Party.“

„ The forming of the new man ... is not possible without labour, and you cannot separate it from labour, you cannot realize it outside the labour`s atmosphere“ (Enver Hoxha, concluding speech on the Plenum of the CC of the PLA in July, 1964).

The book „Enver Hoxha – speeches and articles (1963-1964) came out in 1977, too. These materials selected from his works were published in French, English and Spanish language. There are also two further books – the one covers the period 1961 – 1962, and the other 1965 – 1966. The selection of material in three books 1961 – 1966 is the continuation of volume 19 (June- December 1960) and a series of „Speeches 1967-1968“, „Speeches 1969-1970“, and „Speeches 1971-1973“ – all published in French, English and Spanish language, too.

The main axis of the volume „Speeches and Articles 1963-1964“ are the struggle against modern revisionism, its political and ideological unmasking and smashing and also the struggle for the strengthening of the unity of the international and worker`s movement. Some particular documents deal with these problems in nmore detail, such as „Open letter to the members of the CPSU“, „From the talk during a meeting with the delegation of the CP of Brasil“, „The `testemony` of P. Togliatti, the crisis of modern revisionism and the struggle of the Marxist-Leninists“, „The results of Khrushchev`s visit in Yugoslavia“, „20 years of the new socialist Albania“ , „With the fall of Khrushchev the Khrushchevism itself did not disappear“, and others.

These works reflect the vehement and deep differences between the correct revolutionary line of the PLA and the reactionary line of the sovietrevisionist leaders and the leaders of a series of some more parties, the contradictions between the Marxist-Leninist ideology and as a logical consequence the increased struggle between Marxism-Leninism and modern revisionism on an international stage, the untensified efforts of Khrushchev and his parrots and followers on the way to betrayal. Zjey reflect in an Marxist-Leninist manner the heavy crisis which characterized the revisionist camps in 1964 and they are prove of the heroic struggle of the PLA in the years 1963-1964 – in a difficult and complicated period in which the Khrushchev-revisionists started openly their counterrevolutionary campaign of plots threats and blackmails to put their anti-Marxist and anti-Leninist programme into practice. Khrushchev` s visit in Yugoslavia was commented by Enver Hoxha in „Zëri i popullit“ on September 13, 1963. - as Enver Hoxha described in his article „The results of Khrushchev`s visit in Yugoslavia“ – not for holidays but „a prostration to Tito.“ Enver Hoxha paraphrased Tito as a „horse - fed at several fodder-troughs“. Enver Hoxha drew three main conclusions.

First conclusion: By the complete rehabilitation of the Tito-clique Khrushchev`s alliance with the Yugoslav „socialism“ deepened the betrayal of the modern revisionists and intensified the ideological, political and economic collaboration within the camp of the enemies of Marxism-Leninism and socialism. „N. Khrushchev turned out to be a steadfast partisan of the Yugoslav way to socialism.“ „`Selfadministration` and `Worker`s Councils` are the main links of chain for the capitalist restoration“,“are a variant of the theory of Anarcho-Syndicalism.“ The visit of Khrushchev in Yugoslavia was the beginning of the transformation of the Yugoslav way to „socialism“ from a specific national phenomenon to an generalized and internationally organized one which was used by the revisionists for the restoration of capitalism. The type of the Yugoslav system was the main type of a transmission belt of the West to re-conquer the East.

Second conclusion: The Yugoslav and the Soviet revisionists coordinated their insidious agitation and subversice activities against the Communist World Movement and the Marxist-Leninist parties who defended the principles of Marxism-Leninism against modern revisionism: „To collaborate with the Yugoslav revisionists – this means collaboration with the enemies of socialism, with the renegades of Marxism, with the splitters of the communist`s unity , with the agencies of imperialism, who form a plot against the socialist countries and the entire revolutionary world movement“. Enver Hoxha put the thorough question: „How can there exist any socialist country as a „neutral“ and „bloc-free“ country, if there exists only the historical struggle between the imperialist and the socialist camp? On the XXI. Congress of the CPSU Khrushchev critisized openly that Yugoslavia fell between two stools, however with his visit in Yugoslavia he made completely concessions to Tito`s position and evoked anti-Marxist panslavism with which Tito and Khrushchev laid claim as masters of the Balkan people`s destiny.

Third conclusion: The soviet-revisionist`s approach towards Titoism is simultaneously an approach towards American imperialism and the capitalist camp. „Khrushchev entered Yugoslavia as a bridge from the East to the West.“ Tito was the first deserter and Khrushchev followed him to the West. Enver Hoxha called Tito „the lively wire between the White House and the Kremlin.“ First collaboration with the slaves and then with the masters of the slaves – this was the way which led Khrushchev indirectly from Yugoslavia to the USA.

This volume contains also material on the problems of the upbuilding of socialism in Albania especially the report on the 10^th plenum of the CC of the PLA in June 1963: „On the socio-cultural situation in the village and the measures for it`s improvement“. In this report is expressed the care, attention and the selfless struggle of the PLA to raize the standard of living of the working people in general and the inhabitants of the People of the village in particular.

In the „Speeches and Articles 1963-1964“ you find also the final speech of the 11^th plenum of the CC of the PLA, which deals with the measures which had to be taken to strengthen the Party under the conditions of the complete upbuilding of the socialist society in Albania and the new situation which appeared by the open betrayal of the soviet-revisionist leadership and by the leaderships of a series of former countries of people`s democracy in Europe. There the reasons were given for the necessity of strengthening the leading role of the Party, of purifying the rows of the Party and ofdefending the norms and principles.

In this volume you find also the allready mentioned speech on the 13^th plenum of the CC of the PLA „On the ideological education of the communists and the working people“. In this document Enver Hoxha was engaged with problems of education of the new people and their communist moral, their love to work and the socialist property. The last part of this document deals with critizism and self-critizism as a strong weapon of educating the communists and the working people.

In March 1965 comrade Enver Hoxha had a conversation with Tschou En-lai during his visit in Albania. In his contribution Enver Hoxha set a high value on formulating the resoluteness with which Albania would defend the principles of Marxism-Leninism and of the proletarian internationalism against modern revisionism and it`s most dangerous branch – the Soviet revisionism. Because of tactical considerateness there was no open critizism on the Chinese deviations from Marxism-Leninism. This meeting took place in the situation when the visit of Tschou En-lai in Moscowe (1964) were resultless and not satisfactory for the Chinese (they wanted to shake hands but the Soviet leaders refused) who therefore fell back to the anti-Soviet-revisionist position of the Albanians and remember! tactically – not strategically, because the Chinese Anti-Soviet-revisionism existed only in words just to serve the masking of the own Chinese revisionist way- the way of a social-imperialist superpower in the world. Later on, in the end of the 70ies when the Chinese leaders openly attacked Albania, Enver Hoxha started to unmask and expose Tschou En-lai. We can learn a lot from Enver Hoxha`s statements during the visit of Tschou En – lai. The analyse of the development of the world`s situation, the rivalries between both the superpowers in general and among the Western capitalist and among the revisionist Eastern countries in particular are exceedingly instructive also as the histopric background for the present-day situation. Above all Enver Hoxha outlined the necessary tasks of the Marxist-Leninist World Movement, how to cope with this situation in general and how to take advantage of the contradictions among the class-enemies from an internationalist stand point of view , from the standpoint of the world proletariat and the world revolution. Enver Hoxha wished honestly that China would play a key-role for the world revolution one day, but this wish was and is still today destroyed by the Chinese bourgeoisie which plays the key-role of the counter-revolution in China and more and more in the world with every day of that process of the crisis of US-imperialism. About the struggle against Maoism, please read the special section in this book.

On June 16, 1965, the meeting of the Political Bureau of the CC of the PLA discussed the state of teaching and scientific work in the field of social siences and measures for the further development of this work. A Higher Party School, the Institute of Marxist-Leninist Studies was planned. In his speech „Our Studies be always enlightened by Marxism-Leninism“, Enver Hoxha pointed out:

„We must combat the view that the philosopher should remain shut up in the `ivory tower`. If our philosopher is not closely linked with the struggle, the life and the problems of the people and the Party, if he is unwilling to meet people or groups of people and get to know them, their ideas, their demands and aspirations, he cannot draw correct conclusions in confirmity with the line of the Party, and in connection with the perspective as to what stand should be taken towards the various problems of politics, the struggle against the modern revisionists, etc. Hence, we need a mew sort of philosopher, a genuinely Marxist-Leninist Albanian philosopher.

I think that the best method of work and presentation ist that of Stalin, who, as a great disciple of Lenin, writes his works so that even a simple worker can read and understand them. These are the sorts of works we need and we need them very badly. (There are some philosophers, who, in complicating matters, present their own thoughts in confused ways and unwittingly slide into revisionist and idealist positions, or at best, their ideas are not understood by the masses of the Party and of the people. (...) We ourselves, the members of the Plenum of the Central Committee and of the Political Bureau, need to deepen our philosophical thoughts. We need to create a method of our own, therefore, this institute will give us concrete assistance in this direction. (...) The problems of the ideological education of our Party must be dealt with as always, in the light of Marxism-Leninism. Therefore, like all the other comrades, I too, think we should approve the proposal that the Institute of the History of our Party should be turned into an Institute of Marxist-Leninist Studies az the Central Committee of the PLA, that will deal not only with studies of History of the Party, but also with other studies of a philosophical, ideological and economic character, studies of the international communist movement, etc.“

There were also some leisure moments in Enver Hoxha`s lifetime. During the summer, after periods of especially heavy work, on Sundays or holidays, these were pauses for rest which he liked to spent out of doors, amongst close friends or with his family. These were moments of rest from the current daily work, from meetings and official contacts. But even during these apparently quiet hours and days, his thoughts were on the problems of the Homeland and the people. He studied, wrote, and meditated, never for a moment forgetting his great tasks and preoccupations.

The difficult situation which had been created for the Homeland, the dangers which threatened it in those years, required steel unity of the nation, all-round economic, political and military preparation of the masses of the people. Enver Hoxha, the leader of the Party, forged this unity and was a powerful factor in withstanding the test of the `60s. His thinking, his work as leader and organizer, the great authority and love which he enjoyed, were foundation stones of the unity of the people round the Party, of the allround development of the country and the reliability of the defence of the Homeland.

Enver Hoxha emphasized that the fall of Khrushchev is only a fall of a revisionist but not the end of modern revisionism:

„The fall of Khrushchev is a great success, however this does not at all mean the end of the Khrushchevite revisionism in particular nor of the modern revisionism in general. With his exit revisionism was not removed and by far not liquidated – neither its socio-economic roots nor its political line. The PLA and every revolutionary should never cherish any illusions about this truth. (...) Our Party is of the opinion that the conductor of the communists can only be Marxism-Leninism. They are led only by Marxism-Leninism and by proletarian internationalism combined in their united great fight.“ (Enver Hoxha, „20 years of socialist upbuilding“, speech delivered on occasion of the 20^th anniversary of the Liberation of the Homeland, November 28, 1964).

This prediction came true by the renaissance of Krushchevism – the appearance of the so called Neo-Krushchevism ( Anti-Khrushchevism in words, but Khrushchevism in deeds! Another renaissance of modern revisionism is neo-Breshnevism: Anti-Breshnevism in words, but Breshnevism in deeds!). On the danger of the mystifying slogan of the "return to Stalin" launched by Breshnevites, to see the following articles of the numerical edition of the work Speech, talks and articles (1969-1970) of Enver Hoxha: “The demagogy of the Soviet revisionists cannot cover their face of traitor” – 09/01/1969 (p. 9-10 and 19-21) and: “The Soviet revisionists in a maze of insoluble contradictions” – 15/05/1970 (p. 142-143).

Enver Hoxha said in his conversation with a delegation of the CP of Malaya, in January 20, 1965:

“MARXISM-LENINISM IS THE GUIDE AND LEADER OF EVERY PARTY AND NOT KHRUSHCHEV'S CONDUCTOR'S BATON.”
“It is a fact that Khrushchev's downfall is a result of the struggle waged by the Marxist-Leninists.
This has put modern revisionism in a difficult situation and obliges it to try to find a way out. One of the current methods of the fight of the revisionists against us is to try to stop the polemics and struggle. Thus, what they want is that the Marxist Leninists should no longer attack the treacherous views and stands of the modern revisionists.  Their desire and aim is to stop the polemics, because they have seen that the struggle of our parties is soundly based, has exposed them badly, has not ceased, and has not left them free to act and realize their plans. Wherever they have acted they have exposed their real features as anti-Marxists and counter-revolutionaries in the eyes of the Communists and the people's of the whole world.  Therefore, all their efforts now are aimed at making us cease the polemics.”

The 5^th Congress of the PLA held its proceedings in Tirana from November 1-7, . 1966. In the report which he delivered at the Congress, Enver Hoxha presented a series of important conclusions about the causes of the degeneration of the Soviet party and state. Enver Hoxha pointed out that is was the strategical aim of modern revisionism to degenerate the Marxist-Leninist parties and to liquidate them, to transform them into social-democratic parties for supporting the counter-revolution, for paralyzing socialism, for defending capitalism and for it`s restoration. He stressed the role which such phenomena as bureaucracy and technocracy, the creation of privileged castes and strata, the loss of revolutionary vigilance and sclerosis of the party of the working class, payed in the Soviet tragedy. Comrade Hoxha`s analyses and conclusions had decisive importance for preventing such a process in Albania, too. On his intitiative and under his direction, the Party had begun to take important practical measures to avoid and eliminate manifestations of bereaucracy and the underestimation of the working masses. The 5^th Congress stressed the necessity of the deepening the ideological revolution as a fundamental link for the further development of the socialist revolution and the further strenthening of the dictatorship of the proletariat. This was to raise the transforming role of the whole Marxist-Leninist revolutionary ideas about the development of the whole society to a higher level. The decisions of the 5^th Congress of the Party gave a great impulse to powerful revolutionary movements in our country and in the whole Marxist-Leninist world movement. After this Congress the activity of working masses in all walks of life of the country was raised to a higher level. A series of revolutionary initiatives emerged which were inspired by the ideas and decisions of the 5^th Congress of the Party. In his report, Enver Hoxha stresses the struggle of the Party against modern revisionism to defend the purity of Marxism-Leninism; he emphasized that modern revisionism is product and ally of the bourgeoisie and imperialism. He unmasked the strategical aims of Krushchevite revisionism and directed the struggle of the PLA and the Marxist-Leninists all over the world, called for the strengthening of the struggle against Khrushchevite and Titoite revisionism:

„The present world communism must be characterized by such militant revolutionary spirit of the heroic times of Lenin and Stalin.“

„The modern revisionists use every means to split us, because for them and the American imperialists, their patrons, the unity of the Marxist-Leninists means their death. The Marxist-Leninists must destroy all attempts of the revisionists, must overcome all hindrances and must strengthen their unity on the base of Marxism-Leninism and proletarian internationalism. They must strengthen their cooperation and collaboration, they must work out a common general line and act with common attitudes concerning all the important questions, especially cerning the struggle against imperialism and modern revisionism“ (Enver Hoxha, report on the 5^th Congress of the PLA).

In his report Enver Hoxha defined the character of this epoche:

„Every day the elements of our epoche deepen and appear more and more distinctly as the epoche of the transferation from capitalism to socialism, the struggle of both the systems of society, as the epocje of the proletarian and national liberation revolutions, the fall of imperialism and the liquidation of the colonial system, as the epoche of the triumph of socialism and communism on a world scale.“ [underlined by the editor]

Klick here to continue with the 2^nd part of : „Enver Hoxha – His Live and his Work“